Valves yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov raj xa dej, thiab cov hlau li qub yog siv dav hauv cov nroj tsuag tshuaj. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub valve feem ntau yog siv rau kev qhib thiab kaw, throttling thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov kav dej thiab cov khoom siv. Yog li ntawd, xaiv qhov raug thiab tsim nyog ntawm cov hlau li qub ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov nroj tsuag kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tswj cov kua dej.
1. Hom thiab siv li qub
Muaj ntau hom valve hauv engineering. Vim tias qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kua dej, qhov kub thiab txias thiab lub cev thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, kev tswj xyuas cov kua dej kuj tseem sib txawv, suav nrog cov rooj vag li qub, nres li qub (lub tog raj kheej, koob li qub), kos li qub, thiab cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Valves, pob li qub, npauj npaim li qub thiab diaphragm li qub yog cov khoom siv dav siv hauv cov nroj tsuag tshuaj.
feem ntau yog siv los tswj kev qhib thiab kaw cov kua dej, nrog cov kua dej me me, kev ua haujlwm zoo sealing, tsis muaj kev txwv tsis pub khiav ntawm qhov nruab nrab, me me sab nraud quab yuam yuav tsum tau qhib thiab kaw, thiab cov qauv luv luv.
Lub qia valve tau muab faib ua lub qia qaim thiab lub qia zais. Lub qhov rooj qhib qhov rooj valve yog tsim rau corrosive media, thiab cov qia rooj vag valve yog siv hauv tshuaj engineering. Lub qhov rooj kaw qhov rooj kaw feem ntau yog siv rau hauv txoj kev hauv dej, thiab feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv qis qis, tsis muaj corrosive nruab nrab zaus, xws li qee cov cam khwb cia hlau thiab tooj liab li qub. Cov qauv ntawm lub rooj vag muaj xws li lub rooj vag qhov rooj thiab lub rooj sib txig sib luag.
Cov rooj vag qhov rooj tau muab faib ua ib lub rooj vag thiab ob lub rooj vag. Parallel rams feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov roj thiab roj tsheb thauj mus los thiab tsis yog siv rau hauv cov nroj tsuag tshuaj.
1.2Nres valve
yog siv los txiav tawm. Lub nres valve muaj cov kua dej loj, qhib thiab kaw lub zog loj, thiab muaj cov kev xav tau ntws. Piv nrog lub rooj vag li qub, lub ntiaj teb li qub muaj qhov zoo hauv qab no:
(1) Kev sib txhuam quab yuam ntawm qhov sealing nto yog me dua li ntawm lub rooj vag valve thaum lub sijhawm qhib thiab kaw, thiab nws yog hnav-resistant.
(2) Qhov qhib qhov siab yog me dua li lub rooj vag valve.
(3) Lub ntiaj teb valve feem ntau tsuas muaj ib qho kev sib khi, thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yog qhov zoo, uas yooj yim rau kev saib xyuas.
Globe valve, zoo li lub rooj vag valve, kuj muaj lub pas nrig ci thiab lub pas nrig tsaus, yog li kuv yuav tsis rov ua dua ntawm no. Raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cev lub cev, lub nres valve muaj ncaj-dhau, lub kaum sab xis thiab Y-hom. Hom ncaj nraim yog siv dav tshaj plaws, thiab lub kaum sab xis yog siv qhov twg cov dej ntws hloov pauv 90 °.
Tsis tas li ntawd, lub throttle valve thiab rab koob valve kuj yog ib hom nres valve, uas muaj lub zog tswj kev ua haujlwm tshaj li qhov qub nres valve.
1.3Chevk valve
Kos valve tseem hu ua one-way valve, uas yog siv los tiv thaiv cov dej ntws rov qab. Yog li ntawd, thaum txhim kho lub kos valve, xyuam xim rau cov kev taw qhia ntws ntawm qhov nruab nrab yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev taw qhia ntawm xub ntawm daim tshev valve. Muaj ntau hom kev kos valve, thiab ntau lub tuam txhab muaj cov khoom sib txawv, tab sis lawv feem ntau muab faib ua viav vias hom thiab nqa hom los ntawm cov qauv. Lub viav vias kos li qub feem ntau suav nrog ib hom valve thiab ob hom valve.
Npauj npaim valve tuaj yeem siv rau qhib thiab kaw thiab throttling ntawm cov kua nruab nrab nrog cov khib nyiab tshem tawm. Nws muaj cov kua dej me me, lub cev nyhav, cov qauv me me, thiab qhib thiab kaw nrawm. Nws yog haum rau loj-inch pipelines. Npauj npaim valve muaj qee yam kev hloov kho thiab tuaj yeem thauj cov slurry. Raws li kev siv thev naus laus zis rov qab rau yav dhau los, npauj npaim li qub tau siv hauv cov tshuab dej, tab sis tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv cov txheej txheem txheej txheem. Nrog rau kev txhim kho cov khoom siv, tsim thiab ua tiav, npauj npaim li qub tau siv ntau dua hauv cov txheej txheem txheej txheem.
Npauj npaim li qub muaj ob hom: mos foob thiab tawv foob. Kev xaiv ntawm cov mos mos thiab lub foob foob feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov kub ntawm cov kua nruab nrab. Hais txog kev hais lus, kev sib khi ua haujlwm ntawm lub foob mos yog zoo dua li ntawm lub foob tawv.
Muaj ob hom mos ntsaws ruaj ruaj: roj hmab thiab PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) valve rooj. Roj hmab rooj npauj npaim li qub (rubber-lined valve lub cev) feem ntau yog siv hauv cov tshuab dej thiab muaj cov qauv hauv nruab nrab. Hom npauj npaim valve no tuaj yeem ntsia tau yam tsis muaj gaskets vim tias lub flange ntawm cov roj hmab hauv ob sab phlu tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau los ua lub gasket. PTFE lub rooj npauj npaim li qub feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem txheej txheem, feem ntau ib leeg eccentric lossis ob chav eccentric qauv.
Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj nyuaj, xws li cov hlua khi ruaj ruaj, cov hlua khi sib txuas (Laminated seals), thiab lwm yam. Vim tias cov chaw tsim khoom tsim feem ntau sib txawv, tus nqi xau kuj txawv. Cov qauv ntawm lub zog foob npauj npaim valve yog qhov zoo dua triple eccentric, uas daws cov teeb meem ntawm thermal expansion nyiaj thiab hnav cov nyiaj them. Ob chav eccentric lossis triple eccentric qauv nyuaj foob npauj npaim valve kuj muaj ob txoj kev sib khi ua haujlwm, thiab nws qhov thim rov qab (tsis tshua muaj siab rau sab siab siab) sealing siab yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 80% ntawm cov kev taw qhia zoo (siab siab rau low pressure side). Kev tsim thiab kev xaiv yuav tsum tau sib tham nrog cov neeg tsim khoom.
1.5 Lub cev valve
Lub ntsaws valve muaj cov kua dej me me, kev ua haujlwm zoo sealing, kev ua haujlwm ntev, thiab tuaj yeem muab ntim rau hauv ob qho tib si cov lus qhia, yog li nws feem ntau siv los ntawm cov khoom siv phom sij heev, tab sis qhov qhib thiab kaw lub zog yog qhov loj, thiab tus nqi yog kuj siab. Lub plug valve kab noj hniav tsis sib sau ua kua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom sib txuas yuav tsis ua rau muaj kuab paug, yog li lub ntsaws valve yuav tsum siv qee zaus.
Txoj kev khiav ntawm lub ntsaws valve tuaj yeem muab faib ua ncaj, peb-txoj kev thiab plaub-txoj kev, uas yog tsim rau ntau qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov roj thiab cov kua dej.
Cock li qub tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: tsis-lubricated thiab lubricated. Cov roj ntsaws ntsaws valve nrog yuam lubrication tsim cov roj zaj duab xis ntawm lub ntsaws thiab lub sealing nto ntawm lub ntsaws vim yuam lubrication. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, lub sealing kev ua tau zoo dua, qhov qhib thiab kaw yog lub zog txuag, thiab lub sealing nto yog tiv thaiv los ntawm kev puas tsuaj, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab seb lub lubrication pollutes cov khoom, thiab cov uas tsis yog-lubricated hom yog nyiam. kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua.
Lub tes tsho foob ntawm lub ntsaws valve yog tas mus li thiab nyob ib puag ncig tag nrho cov ntsaws, yog li cov kua dej yuav tsis hu rau lub ncej. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub ntsaws valve muaj ib txheej ntawm cov hlau sib xyaw diaphragm raws li lub foob thib ob, yog li lub ntsaws valve tuaj yeem nruj nruj tswj kev tawm sab nraud. Plug li qub feem ntau tsis muaj ntim. Thaum muaj cov kev cai tshwj xeeb (xws li kev tawm sab nraud tsis raug tso cai, thiab lwm yam), kev ntim khoom yuav tsum tau ntim raws li lub foob thib peb.
Tus qauv tsim ntawm lub ntsaws valve tso cai rau lub ntsaws valve los kho lub sealing valve lub rooj hauv internet. Vim lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev, lub sealing nto yuav hnav. Vim hais tias lub ntsaws yog tapered, lub ntsaws tuaj yeem nias los ntawm lub bolt ntawm lub valve npog kom nws nruj nreem haum nrog lub rooj zaum valve kom ua tiav cov nyhuv sealing.
1.6 pob valve
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub pob valve zoo ib yam li lub pob valve (lub pob valve yog ib qho derivative ntawm lub ntsaws valve). Lub pob valve muaj cov nyhuv sealing zoo, yog li nws tau siv dav. Lub pob valve qhib thiab kaw sai, qhov qhib thiab kaw torque me dua li ntawm lub ntsaws valve, qhov kev tiv thaiv me me, thiab kev saib xyuas yooj yim. Nws yog tsim rau slurry, viscous kua thiab nruab nrab pipelines uas yuav tsum tau sealing siab. Thiab vim nws tus nqi qis, pob li qub tau siv ntau dua li ntsaws li qub. Pob li qub feem ntau tuaj yeem raug cais los ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub pob, cov qauv ntawm lub cev lub cev, cov dej ntws thiab cov khoom siv lub rooj zaum.
Raws li cov qauv kheej kheej, muaj cov pob valve ntab thiab cov pob valve ruaj khov. Cov qub feem ntau yog siv rau cov diameters me me, tom kawg yog siv rau cov kab loj loj, feem ntau DN200 (CLASS 150), DN150 (CLASS 300 thiab CLASS 600) ua tus ciam teb.
Raws li cov qauv ntawm lub cev valve, muaj peb hom: ib-thooj hom, ob-thooj hom thiab peb-thooj hom. Muaj ob hom ntawm ib-thooj hom: sab saum toj-mounted hom thiab sab-mounted hom.
Raws li tus khiav daim ntawv, muaj tag nrho txoj kab uas hla thiab txo txoj kab uas hla. Txo cov pob li qub siv cov khoom siv tsawg dua li cov pob kab uas hla tag nrho thiab pheej yig dua. Yog tias cov txheej txheem kev tso cai, lawv tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Pob valve ntws raws tau muab faib ua ncaj, peb-txoj kev thiab plaub-txoj kev, uas yog tsim rau ntau txoj kev faib cov roj thiab cov kua dej. Raws li cov khoom siv hauv lub rooj zaum, muaj cov foob mos thiab tawv foob. Thaum siv rau hauv cov xov xwm combustible los yog ib puag ncig sab nraud zoo li yuav kub hnyiab tau, lub pob muag muag pob valve yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo li qub thiab hluav taws-pov thawj tsim, thiab cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam yuav tsum dhau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tiv thaiv zoo li qub thiab hluav taws kub, xws li hauv Raws li API607. Tib yam siv rau cov npauj npaim mos mos thiab ntsaws li qub (plug li qub tsuas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov kev tiv thaiv hluav taws sab nraud hauv kev sim hluav taws).
1.7 diaphragm valve
Diaphragm valve tuaj yeem muab ntim rau hauv ob qho tib si qhia, haum rau qhov tsis tshua muaj siab, corrosive slurry lossis tshem tawm cov kua dej nruab nrab. Thiab vim hais tias kev khiav hauj lwm mechanism yog sib cais los ntawm nruab nrab channel, cov kua yog txiav tawm los ntawm elastic diaphragm, uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau nruab nrab nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov thiab kev kho mob thiab kev noj qab haus huv industries. Kev khiav hauj lwm kub ntawm lub diaphragm valve nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov khoom siv diaphragm. Los ntawm cov qauv, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua hom ncaj nraim thiab hom weir.
2. Xaiv qhov kawg ntawm daim ntawv txuas
Feem ntau siv cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas ntawm lub valve xaus suav nrog flange kev twb kev txuas, threaded kev twb kev txuas, taub qab vuam kev twb kev txuas thiab lub qhov (socket) vuam kev twb kev txuas.
2.1 flange kev twb kev txuas
Flange kev twb kev txuas yog conducive rau valve installation thiab disassembly. Lub valve kawg flange sealing nto cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau suav nrog tag nrho saum npoo (FF), tsa saum npoo (RF), concave nto (FM), tus nplaig thiab zawj nto (TG) thiab nplhaib sib txuas nto (RJ). Cov qauv flange tau txais los ntawm API li qub yog series xws li ASMEB16.5. Qee zaum koj tuaj yeem pom Chav Kawm 125 thiab Chav Kawm 250 ntawm flanged li qub. Qhov no yog qib siab ntawm cam khwb cia hlau flanges. Nws yog tib yam li qhov sib txuas loj ntawm Chav Kawm 150 thiab Chav Kawm 300, tshwj tsis yog tias qhov chaw sib khi ntawm thawj ob yog tag nrho cov dav hlau (FF).
Wafer thiab Lug li qub tseem flanged.
2.2 Butt welding kev twb kev txuas
Vim lub siab lub zog ntawm lub pob tw-welded sib koom ua ke thiab kev sib khi zoo, cov li qub txuas nrog lub pob tw-welded hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg feem ntau yog siv rau hauv qee qhov kub, kub siab, muaj kuab lom heev, nplaim taws thiab tawg.
2.3 Qhov (socket) vuam thiab threaded txuas
Feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov kav dej uas nws qhov loj me tsis tshaj DN40, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem siv rau cov kua dej tawm nrog crevice corrosion.
Threaded kev twb kev txuas yuav tsum tsis txhob siv nyob rau hauv pipelines uas muaj tshuaj lom thiab combustible media, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws yuav tsum raug zam kom siv nyob rau hauv cyclic loading tej yam kev mob. Tam sim no, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm uas lub siab tsis siab nyob rau hauv qhov project. Daim ntawv xov ntawm lub raj xa dej feem ntau yog tapered yeeb nkab xov. Muaj ob qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov yeeb nkab tapered. Lub khob hliav qab apex yog 55 ° thiab 60 ° feem. Ob leeg tsis tuaj yeem sib pauv. Nyob rau hauv cov kav dej nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los yog cov xov xwm muaj kev phom sij heev, yog tias kev teeb tsa xav tau kev sib txuas threaded, qhov nominal loj yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj DN20 nyob rau lub sijhawm no, thiab foob vuam yuav tsum tau ua tom qab threaded kev twb kev txuas.
3. Khoom siv
Valve cov ntaub ntawv muaj xws li valve vaj tse, internals, gaskets, packing thiab fastener cov ntaub ntawv. Vim tias muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv valve, thiab vim qhov chaw txwv tsis pub, tsab xov xwm no tsuas yog luv luv qhia txog cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Ferrous hlau plhaub cov ntaub ntawv muaj xws li cam khwb cia hlau, carbon hlau, stainless hlau, hlau alloy.
3.1 cam khwb cia hlau
Grey cam khwb cia hlau (A1262B) feem ntau yog siv rau ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj siab li qub thiab tsis pom zoo siv rau cov txheej txheem kav dej. Kev ua tau zoo (lub zog thiab toughness) ntawm cov hlau nplaum (A395) zoo dua li cov hlau cam khwb cia grey.
3.2 Carbon hlau
Cov khoom siv carbon steel feem ntau hauv kev tsim valve yog A2162WCB (casting) thiab A105 (forging). Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau cov pa roj carbon steel ua haujlwm siab tshaj 400 ℃ rau lub sijhawm ntev, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau lub neej ntawm lub valve. Rau qhov tsis muaj qhov kub thiab txias, feem ntau siv yog A3522LCB (casting) thiab A3502LF2 (forging).
3.3 Austenitic stainless hlau
Austenitic stainless hlau cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv corrosive tej yam kev mob los yog ultra-low kub tej yam kev mob. Feem ntau siv castings yog A351-CF8, A351-CF8M, A351-CF3 thiab A351-CF3M; Feem ntau siv forgings yog A182-F304, A182-F316, A182-F304L thiab A182-F316L.
3.4 alloy steel khoom
Rau qhov ntsuas kub qis, A352-LC3 (castings) thiab A350-LF3 (forgings) feem ntau yog siv.
Rau siab kub li qub, feem ntau siv yog A217-WC6 (casting), A182-F11 (forging) thiab A217-WC9 (casting), A182-F22 (forging). Txij li thaum WC9 thiab F22 koom nrog 2-1 / 4Cr-1Mo series, lawv muaj ntau dua Cr thiab Mo dua li WC6 thiab F11 teej tug mus rau 1-1 / 4Cr-1 / 2Mo series, yog li lawv muaj kev kub ntxhov siab dua.
4. Tsav hom
Lub valve ua haujlwm feem ntau yog siv hom kev tuav. Thaum lub valve muaj lub siab dua nominal los yog qhov loj nominal loj, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau manually khiav lub valve, iav kis tau tus mob thiab lwm yam kev khiav hauj lwm txoj kev yuav siv tau. Kev xaiv ntawm lub valve tsav hom yuav tsum tau txiav txim raws li hom, nominal siab thiab nominal loj ntawm lub valve. Table 1 qhia cov xwm txheej raws li cov iav tsav yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab rau cov khoom sib txawv. Rau cov tuam txhab sib txawv, cov xwm txheej no yuav hloov me ntsis, uas tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sib tham.
5. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev xaiv valve
5.1 Cov tsis tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab hauv kev xaiv valve
(1) Qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov kua xa tawm yuav cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv hom valve thiab cov khoom siv valve.
(2) Cov kev xav tau ua haujlwm (kev tswj hwm lossis kev txiav tawm), uas feem ntau cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv hom valve.
(3) Kev khiav hauj lwm tej yam kev mob (txawm yog nquag), uas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv ntawm valve hom thiab valve khoom.
(4) Flow yam ntxwv thiab kev sib txhuam poob.
(5) Lub nominal loj ntawm lub valve (valve nrog ib tug loj nominal loj tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib tug txwv ntau yam ntawm valve hom).
(6) Lwm yam tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau, xws li tsis siv neeg kaw, siab tshuav nyiaj li cas, thiab lwm yam.
5.2 Kev xaiv cov khoom siv
(1) Forgings feem ntau yog siv rau me me diameters (DN≤40), thiab castings feem ntau yog siv rau loj diameters (DN> 40). Rau qhov kawg flange ntawm lub forging valve lub cev, qhov tseem ceeb forged valve lub cev yuav tsum nyiam. Yog hais tias lub flange yog welded rau lub valve lub cev, 100% radiographic tshuaj xyuas yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ntawm lub vuam.
(2) Cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm pob tw-welded thiab lub qhov (socket-welded carbon steel valve lub cev yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 0.25%, thiab cov pa roj carbon sib npaug yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 0.45%)
Lus Cim: Thaum ua haujlwm kub ntawm austenitic stainless hlau tshaj 425 ° C, cov ntsiab lus carbon yuav tsum tsis txhob tsawg dua 0.04%, thiab lub xeev kho cua sov yog siab dua 1040 ° C ceev txias (CF8) thiab 1100 ° C ceev txias (CF8M ).
(4) Thaum cov kua dej corrosive thiab zoo tib yam austenitic stainless hlau siv tsis tau, qee cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab, xws li 904L, duplex steel (xws li S31803, thiab lwm yam), Monel thiab Hastelloy.
5.3 Kev xaiv ntawm lub rooj vag valve
(1) Rigid ib lub rooj vag feem ntau yog siv thaum DN≤50; elastic ib rooj vag feem ntau yog siv thaum DN> 50.
(2) Rau qhov hloov pauv ib lub rooj vag valve ntawm lub tshuab cryogenic, lub qhov cua yuav tsum qhib rau ntawm lub rooj vag ntawm sab siab.
(3) Cov rooj vag qis qis yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv kev ua haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau muaj qhov tsis tshua muaj paug. Tsawg-kawg lub qhov rooj li qub muaj ntau yam qauv, ntawm cov twj tso kua mis-hom qhov rooj li qub feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov nroj tsuag tshuaj.
(4) Txawm hais tias lub rooj vag valve yog hom siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv cov khoom siv petrochemical. Txawm li cas los xij, lub rooj vag valve yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
① Vim tias qhov qhib qhov siab siab thiab qhov chaw yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm loj, nws tsis haum rau lub sijhawm nrog qhov chaw ua haujlwm me me.
② Lub sijhawm qhib thiab kaw ntev, yog li nws tsis haum rau lub sijhawm qhib thiab kaw nrawm.
③ Nws tsis haum rau cov kua dej uas muaj sedimentation. Vim lub sealing nto yuav hnav, lub rooj vag yuav tsis kaw.
④ Tsis haum rau kev hloov pauv. Vim tias thaum lub rooj vag valve qhib ib nrab, qhov nruab nrab yuav tsim eddy tam sim no nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm lub rooj vag, uas yog ib qho yooj yim ua rau yaig thiab vibration ntawm lub rooj vag, thiab sealing nto ntawm lub rooj zaum valve kuj yooj yim puas.
⑤ Kev ua haujlwm nquag ntawm lub valve yuav ua rau hnav ntau dhau ntawm lub rooj zaum valve, yog li nws tsuas yog tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua
5.4 Kev xaiv ntawm lub ntiaj teb valve
(1) Piv nrog rau lub rooj vag valve ntawm tib lub ntsiab lus, lub kaw-off valve muaj cov qauv ntev dua. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov kav dej nrog DN≤250, vim tias kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tsim khoom ntawm qhov loj-inch kaw-off valve yog qhov teeb meem ntau dua, thiab qhov kev sib khi ua haujlwm tsis zoo li ntawm qhov me me-inch kaw-off valve.
(2) Vim muaj cov kua dej loj ntawm lub kaw-off valve, nws tsis haum rau cov khib nyiab thiab cov kua dej tawm nrog cov viscosity siab.
(3) Lub Rab Koob Valve yog lub qhov hluav taws xob kaw hluav taws xob nrog lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj, uas tuaj yeem siv rau kev hloov kho me me lossis ua piv txwv. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau cov kab me me. Yog hais tias lub caliber loj, qhov kev hloov kho tseem yuav tsum tau ua, thiab siv lub throttle valve. Lub sijhawm no, lub valve clack muaj cov duab zoo li parabola.
(4) Rau kev ua haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau muaj qhov tsis tshua muaj dej, yuav tsum siv lub valve uas tsis muaj pa tawm. Low-leakage shut-off li qub muaj ntau cov qauv, ntawm cov twj tso kua mis-hom kaw li qub feem ntau siv hauv cov nroj tsuag tshuaj.
Bellows hom globe li qub tau dav siv ntau dua li cov twj tso kua mis hom lub rooj vag li qub, vim hais tias cov twj tso kua mis hom ntiaj teb li qub muaj qhov qis dua thiab lub neej ntev dua. Txawm li cas los xij, cov twj tso kua mis yog kim, thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov twj tso kua mis (xws li cov khoom siv, lub voj voog lub sijhawm, thiab lwm yam) thiab vuam ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev pabcuam lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub valve, yog li yuav tsum tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb thaum xaiv lawv.
5.5 Kev xaiv ntawm cov tshev valve
(1) Kab rov tav nqa daim tshev valve feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm nrog DN≤50 thiab tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau ntawm cov kav dej kab rov tav xwb. Vertical nqa check li qub feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm nrog DN≤100 thiab raug ntsia rau ntawm cov kav dej ntsug.
(2) Lub tshuab nqa nqa tuaj yeem xaiv nrog lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thiab kev sib khi ua haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm no zoo dua li qhov tsis muaj lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
(3) Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus txoj kab uas hla ntawm viav vias kos valve feem ntau yog DN> 50. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm cov kav dej kab rov tav lossis cov kav dej ntsug (cov kua dej yuav tsum yog los ntawm hauv qab mus rau sab saum toj), tab sis nws yooj yim los ua dej rauj. Ob chav disc kos valve (Ob chav Disc) feem ntau yog hom wafer, uas yog qhov chaw txuag ntau tshaj plaws, uas yooj yim rau kev teeb tsa cov kav dej, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv dav hauv cov kab loj loj. Txij li thaum lub disc ntawm lub viav vias zoo tib yam kos valve (ib hom disc) tsis tuaj yeem qhib tag nrho rau 90 °, muaj qee yam ntws tsis kam, yog li thaum txheej txheem xav tau, tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau (yuav tsum qhib tag nrho ntawm lub disc) lossis Y hom Lift kos valve.
(4) Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm dej rauj, ib tug check valve nrog qeeb kaw ntaus ntawv thiab damping mechanism yuav raug txiav txim siab. Hom valve no siv qhov nruab nrab hauv cov raj xa dej rau buffering, thiab thaum lub sijhawm kaw lub valve, nws tuaj yeem tshem tawm lossis txo cov dej rauj, tiv thaiv cov raj xa dej thiab tiv thaiv lub twj tso kua mis tsis ntws rov qab.
5.6 Kev xaiv ntawm plug valve
(1) Vim muaj teeb meem kev tsim khoom, tsis siv lub tshuab roj lubricated DN> 250.
(2) Thaum nws yuav tsum tau kom lub valve kab noj hniav tsis sib sau ua kua, lub ntsaws valve yuav tsum tau xaiv.
(3) Thaum lub foob pob valve tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, yog tias muaj cov pa tawm sab hauv, lub ntsaws valve tuaj yeem siv los hloov.
(4) Rau qee qhov kev ua haujlwm, qhov kub thiab txias hloov tsis tu ncua, tsis tuaj yeem siv lub ntsaws valve. Vim tias qhov kub hloov pauv ua rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab kev cog lus ntawm cov khoom siv valve thiab cov khoom sib khi, lub sij hawm ntev ntawm cov ntim yuav ua rau xau raws lub valve qia thaum lub sij hawm thermal cycling. Lub sijhawm no, nws yuav tsum xav txog tshwj xeeb ntsaws li qub, xws li Kev Pabcuam hnyav ntawm XOMOX, uas tsis tuaj yeem tsim tawm hauv Suav teb.
5.7 Kev xaiv ntawm pob valve
(1) Sab saum toj-mounted pob valve tuaj yeem kho hauv online. Peb-thooj pob li qub feem ntau yog siv rau cov xov thiab qhov (socket-welded) txuas.
(2) Thaum lub raj xa dej muaj lub pob-los ntawm qhov system, tsuas yog siv lub pob tag nrho tuaj yeem siv tau.
(3) Lub sealing nyhuv ntawm mos foob yog zoo dua hard seal, tab sis nws yuav siv tsis tau thaum kub siab (qhov kub tsis kam ntawm ntau yam tsis-hlau sealing cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo li qub).
(4) yuav tsum tsis txhob siv nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm uas tsis tso cai rau cov kua hauv cov kab noj hniav.
5.8 Kev xaiv ntawm npauj npaim valve
(1) Thaum ob qhov kawg ntawm npauj npaim valve yuav tsum tau disassembled, ib tug threaded lug los yog flange npauj npaim valve yuav tsum tau xaiv.
(2) Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub centerline npauj npaim valve feem ntau yog DN50; Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus txoj kab uas hla ntawm eccentric npauj npaim valve feem ntau yog DN80.
(3) Thaum siv triple eccentric PTFE lub rooj npauj npaim valve, U-shaped lub rooj raug pom zoo.
5.9 Xaiv Diaphragm Valve
(1) Cov hom ncaj nraim muaj cov kua dej tsis zoo, qhov qhib thiab kaw ntev ntawm lub diaphragm, thiab lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm lub diaphragm tsis zoo li ntawm hom weir.
(2) Hom weir muaj cov kua dej loj, luv luv qhib thiab kaw stroke ntawm lub diaphragm, thiab lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm lub diaphragm yog zoo dua li ntawm hom ncaj nraim.
5.10 kev cuam tshuam ntawm lwm yam ntawm kev xaiv valve
(1) Thaum lub siab tso cai poob ntawm lub kaw lus me me, lub valve hom uas tsis muaj dej tsis kam yuav tsum raug xaiv, xws li lub rooj vag valve, lub pob valve ncaj nraim, thiab lwm yam.
(2) Thaum yuav tsum tau kaw ceev, ntsaws li qub, pob li qub, thiab npauj npaim li qub yuav tsum tau siv. Rau cov kab me me, pob li qub yuav tsum nyiam dua.
(3) Feem ntau ntawm cov li qub ua haujlwm rau ntawm qhov chaw muaj cov tes tuav. Yog tias muaj qee qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, siv lub sprocket lossis txuas txuas ntxiv.
(4) Rau cov kua dej viscous, slurries thiab xov xwm nrog cov khoom siv, ntsaws li qub, pob li qub lossis npauj npaim li qub yuav tsum tau siv.
(5) Rau cov tshuab huv si, ntsaws li qub, pob li qub, diaphragm li qub thiab npauj npaim li qub feem ntau xaiv (xws li yuav tsum tau ua ntxiv, xws li kev xav tau polishing, kev foob, thiab lwm yam).
(6) Nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj, li qub nrog cov kev ntsuas siab tshaj (suav nrog) Chav Kawm 900 thiab DN≥50 siv lub siab seal bonnets (Pressure Seal Bonnet); li qub nrog kev ntsuas siab qis dua (xws li) Chav Kawm 600 siv bolted li qub Npog (Bolted Bonnet), rau qee qhov kev ua haujlwm uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev tiv thaiv kom nruj, lub welded bonnet tuaj yeem txiav txim siab. Hauv qee qhov haujlwm uas tsis tshua muaj siab thiab kub ib txwm siv rau pej xeem, lub kaus mom lub kaus mom (Union Bonnet) tuaj yeem siv tau, tab sis cov qauv no feem ntau tsis siv ntau.
(7) Yog hais tias lub valve xav tau kom sov los yog txias, cov leeg ntawm lub pob valve thiab lub ntsaws valve yuav tsum tau ua kom ntev ntawm kev sib txuas nrog lub valve qia kom tsis txhob muaj cov txheej txheem rwb thaiv tsev valve, feem ntau tsis tshaj 150mm.
(8) Thaum lub caliber me me, yog tias lub rooj zaum valve yog deformed thaum lub sij hawm vuam thiab kev kho cua sov, lub valve nrog lub valve ntev lub cev los yog cov yeeb nkab luv ntawm qhov kawg yuav tsum tau siv.
(9) Li qub (tshwj tsis yog kos li qub) rau cov tshuab cryogenic (hauv qab -46 ° C) yuav tsum siv lub caj dab txuas ntxiv. Lub qia valve yuav tsum tau kho nrog kev kho saum npoo kom ua kom lub ntsej muag tawv kom tiv thaiv lub valve qia thiab cov khoom ntim thiab ntim cov qog los ntawm khawb thiab cuam tshuam rau lub foob.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus saum toj no thaum xaiv cov qauv, cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau muaj, kev nyab xeeb thiab kev lag luam yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los ua qhov kev xaiv kawg ntawm daim ntawv valve. Thiab nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los sau ib daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv valve, cov ntaub ntawv valve dav dav yuav tsum muaj cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
(1) Lub npe, nominal siab, thiab nominal loj ntawm lub valve.
(2) Cov qauv tsim thiab tshuaj xyuas.
(3) Valve code.
(4) Valve qauv, bonnet qauv thiab valve kawg kev twb kev txuas.
(5) Cov khoom siv hauv lub valve, lub rooj zaum thiab lub valve phaj sealing nto cov ntaub ntawv, valve stems thiab lwm yam khoom siv sab hauv, packing, valve cover gaskets thiab fastener cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam.
(6) Tsav hom.
(7) Kev ntim khoom thiab kev thauj mus los.
(8) Sab hauv thiab sab nrauv tiv thaiv corrosion.
(9) Cov kev xav tau zoo thiab cov khoom seem.
(10) Cov kev cai ntawm tus tswv thiab lwm yam kev cai tshwj xeeb (xws li kev kos npe, thiab lwm yam).
6. Cov lus xaus
Valve tuav lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj. Kev xaiv cov raj xa dej yuav tsum yog nyob ntawm ntau yam xws li lub xeev theem (kua, vapor), cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom, siab, qhov kub thiab txias, thiab cov khoom siv corrosion ntawm cov kua hauv cov kav dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm yog txhim khu kev qha thiab tsis muaj teeb meem, tus nqi tsim nyog thiab kev tsim khoom lag luam kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab.
Yav dhau los, thaum xaiv cov ntaub ntawv valve hauv engineering tsim, feem ntau tsuas yog cov khoom siv plhaub tau txiav txim siab, thiab xaiv cov khoom xws li cov khoom sab hauv tsis quav ntsej. Kev xaiv tsis tsim nyog ntawm cov khoom siv sab hauv feem ntau yuav ua rau tsis ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib khi ntawm lub valve, lub pob valve qia thiab lub valve npog gasket, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau lub neej kev pabcuam, uas yuav tsis ua tiav qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev siv thaum xub thawj thiab yooj yim ua rau muaj xwm txheej.
Kev txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov xwm txheej tam sim no, API li qub tsis muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev qhia tus lej, thiab txawm hais tias lub teb chaws tus qauv valve muaj cov txheej txheem kev txheeb xyuas, nws tsis tuaj yeem pom meej cov khoom sab hauv thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv, nrog rau lwm cov kev cai tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, hauv qhov project engineering, qhov xav tau valve yuav tsum tau piav qhia meej los ntawm kev sau cov ntaub ntawv valve. Qhov no muab kev yooj yim rau kev xaiv valve, kev yuav khoom, kev teeb tsa, commissioning thiab cov khoom seem, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov yuam kev.
Post lub sij hawm: Nov-13-2021