M’yoyo, kodi tiyenera kuchita chiyani mpope wamadzi ukalephera? Ndiroleni ndikufotokozereni chidziwitso china pankhaniyi. Zomwe zimatchedwa zolakwika za chida chowongolera zimatha kugawidwa pafupifupi m'magulu awiri, chimodzi ndi cholakwika cha chida chokha, ndipo chinacho ndi cholakwika cha dongosolo, chomwe ndi cholakwika cha kuzindikira ndi kuwongolera zida panthawi yopanga.
1. Taike vavu-madzi mpope wowongolera valavu chida kulephera
Mtundu woyamba wa kulephera, chifukwa kulephera kumakhala bwino, njira yokonza ndiyosavuta. Pakulephera kwamtunduwu, ogwira ntchito yokonza zida adafotokozera mwachidule njira 10 zowonetsera kulephera kwa chida.
1. Njira yofufuzira: Kupyolera mu kufufuza ndi kumvetsetsa za kulephera kwa zochitika ndi chitukuko chake, kusanthula ndi kuweruza chifukwa cha kulephera.
2. Njira yowunikira mwachidziwitso: popanda zida zilizonse zoyesera, yang'anani ndikupeza zolakwika kudzera mumalingaliro amunthu (maso, makutu, mphuno, manja).
3. Njira yothyola dera: chotsani gawo lomwe mukuganiziridwa pamakina onse kapena gawo lagawo, ndikuwona ngati cholakwikacho chitha kutha, kuti mudziwe komwe kuli cholakwika.
4. Njira yachidule: chepetsani kwakanthawi gawo linalake la dera kapena gawo lomwe likuganiziridwa kuti ndi lolakwika, ndikuwona ngati pali kusintha kulikonse kwa vutolo kuti muwone cholakwikacho.
5. Njira yosinthira: Mwa kusintha zigawo zina kapena matabwa ozungulira kuti muwone cholakwika pa malo enaake.
6. Njira yogawanitsa: Pofufuza zolakwika, gawani magawo ozungulira ndi magetsi m'magawo angapo kuti mudziwe chomwe chimayambitsa vutolo.
7. Lamulo losokoneza matupi aumunthu: Thupi laumunthu liri mu malo osokonezeka a electromagnetic (kuphatikiza malo a electromagnetic opangidwa ndi gridi ya AC), ndipo limapangitsa mphamvu yofooka ya electromotive yotsika (pafupi ndi makumi mpaka mazana a ma microvolts). Dzanja la munthu likakhudza mabwalo ena a zida ndi mita, mabwalo amawonetsa. Mfundoyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti mudziwe mosavuta mbali zina zolakwika za dera.
8. Njira yamagetsi: Njira yamagetsi ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito multimeter (kapena voltmeter ina) kuyeza gawo lomwe likuganiziridwa ndi mtundu woyenerera, ndikuyesa padera mphamvu ya AC ndi magetsi a DC.
9. Njira yamakono: Njira yamakono imagawidwa muyeso yolunjika ndi yosadziwika. Kuyeza kwachindunji ndiko kulumikiza ammeter pambuyo poti dera lidulidwe, ndikuyerekeza mtengo womwe ukuyezedwa ndi mtengo womwe uli pansi pamlingo wabwinobwino wa mita kuti uweruze cholakwikacho. Kuyeza kwachindunji sikutsegula dera, kuyeza kutsika kwa voteji pa kukana, ndikuwerengera pafupifupi mtengo wamakono potengera mtengo wotsutsa, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyeza momwe zinthu zilili panopa.
10. Njira yotsutsa: Njira yowunikira kutsutsa ndiyo kufufuza ngati kulowetsedwa ndi kutulutsa kukana kwa dera lonse ndi gawo la chidacho ndi chachilendo, kaya capacitor yathyoledwa kapena ikutha, komanso ngati inductor ndi transformer zimachotsedwa. Waya, short circuit, etc.
2. Taike vavu-madzi mpope wowongolera valavu dongosolo kulephera
Kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa kulephera kwa zida, ndiko kuti, kulephera kwa chida mu dongosolo lodziwikiratu panthawi yopanga, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Imafotokozedwa kuchokera kuzinthu zitatu: kufunikira, zovuta komanso chidziwitso choyambirira cha kukonza zolakwika.
1. Kufunika kothetsa mavuto
Pakupanga mafuta ndi mankhwala, zida zolephera zimachitika nthawi zambiri. Popeza njira yodziwira ndi kuwongolera imapangidwa ndi zida zingapo (kapena zigawo) kudzera mu zingwe (kapena machubu), ndizovuta kudziwa kuti ulalo uti walephera. Momwe mungaweruzire molondola ndi kuthana ndi kulephera kwa zida munthawi yake zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi chitetezo ndi kukhazikika kwamafuta amafuta ndi kupanga mankhwala, komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Imawonetsanso bwino luso lenileni logwira ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwabizinesi kwa ogwira ntchito zida ndi akatswiri a zida.
2, zovuta kusamalira zolakwika
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a mapaipi, opangidwa ndi ndondomeko, komanso otsekedwa mokwanira ndi mafuta a petroleum ndi mankhwala opangira mankhwala, makamaka mlingo wapamwamba wa automation m'makampani amakono amakono, ntchito zogwirira ntchito zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zida zodziwira. Ogwira ntchito amawonetsa magawo osiyanasiyana, monga kutentha kwamachitidwe, kudzera pazida zodziwira. , Zida otaya, chidebe kuthamanga ndi mlingo madzi, zopangira zikuchokera, etc. kuweruza ngati ndondomeko kupanga ndi yachibadwa, kaya khalidwe mankhwala ndi oyenerera, malinga ndi malangizo a chida kuonjezera kapena kuchepetsa kupanga, kapena ngakhale kusiya. Chochitika chachilendo cha chizindikiro (chizindikirocho ndi chokwera, chotsika, chosasinthika, chosakhazikika, ndi zina zotero), chili ndi zinthu ziwiri:
(1) Zinthu za ndondomeko, chidacho chimasonyeza mokhulupirika mikhalidwe yachilendo ya ndondomekoyi;
(2) Chida chachitsulo, chifukwa cha zolakwika mu chiyanjano china cha chida (dongosolo la kuyeza), pali zolakwika za magawo a ndondomeko. Zinthu ziwirizi zimasakanizidwa nthawi zonse, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuweruza nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimawonjezera zovuta zogwiritsira ntchito zolakwika za chida.
3. Chidziwitso choyambirira chazovuta
Akatswiri a zida ndi akatswiri a zida ayenera kuweruza panthawi yake komanso molondola kulephera kwa zida. Kuphatikiza pa zaka zambiri zomwe zakhala zikuchitika, ayenera kukhala odziwa bwino mfundo zogwirira ntchito, kapangidwe kake, ndi magwiridwe antchito a chidacho. Komanso, m'pofunika kudziwa ulalo uliwonse mu dongosolo kulamulira muyeso, kumvetsa thupi ndi mankhwala makhalidwe a sing'anga ndondomeko, ndi makhalidwe a zida zazikulu mankhwala. Izi zingathandize katswiri wa zida kukulitsa kaganizidwe kake ndi kuthandiza kusanthula ndi kuweruza kulephera kwake.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-06-2021