Mavavu ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pamapaipi, ndipo ma valve achitsulo ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzomera zamankhwala.Ntchito ya valve imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka potsegula ndi kutseka, kugwedeza ndi kuonetsetsa kuti mapaipi ndi zipangizo zikuyenda bwino.Chifukwa chake, kusankha kolondola komanso koyenera kwa mavavu achitsulo kumakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakutetezedwa kwa mbewu ndi machitidwe owongolera madzimadzi.
1. Mitundu ndi ntchito za mavavu
Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma valve mu engineering.Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa madzi, kutentha ndi thupi ndi mankhwala, zofunikira zoyendetsera machitidwe amadzimadzi zimakhalanso zosiyana, kuphatikizapo ma valve a zipata, ma valve oima (ma throttle valves, ma valve a singano), ma check valves, ndi mapulagi.Mavavu, ma valve a mpira, ma valve a butterfly ndi ma diaphragm ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzomera zama mankhwala.
Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa madzi, ndi kukana kwamadzimadzi ang'onoang'ono, ntchito yabwino yosindikizira, kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.
Tsinde la valve limagawidwa kukhala tsinde lowala ndi tsinde lobisika.Valve yachipata chowonekera ndi yoyenera kuwononga media, ndipo valavu yachipata chowonekera imagwiritsidwa ntchito muukadaulo wamankhwala.Ma valve obisika a zipata za tsinde amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'madzi, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazovuta zochepa, zosawononga zowonongeka, monga mavavu achitsulo ndi amkuwa.Mapangidwe a chipatacho amaphatikizapo chipata cholowera ndi chipata chofananira.
Zipata za Wedge zimagawidwa kukhala chipata chimodzi ndi zipata ziwiri.Nkhosa zamphongo zofananira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamayendedwe amafuta ndi gasi ndipo sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale amankhwala.
amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka podula.Valve yoyimitsa imakhala ndi kukana kwakukulu kwamadzimadzi, kutsegula kwakukulu ndi kutseka torque, ndipo imakhala ndi zofunikira zoyendetsera kayendedwe.Poyerekeza ndi mavavu a pachipata, mavavu a globe ali ndi zabwino izi:
(1) Mphamvu yolimbana ndi malo osindikizira ndi yaying'ono kuposa ya valve ya pachipata panthawi yotsegula ndi kutseka, ndipo imakhala yosagwira ntchito.
(2) Kutalika kotsegulira ndi kochepa kuposa valve yachipata.
(3) Vavu yapadziko lonse lapansi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi malo amodzi okha osindikizira, ndipo njira yopangira ndi yabwino, yomwe ndi yabwino kukonza.
Vavu yapadziko lonse lapansi, monga valavu yachipata, ilinso ndi ndodo yowala ndi ndodo yakuda, kotero sindidzabwerezanso apa.Malinga ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a ma valve, valve yoyimitsa imakhala yowongoka, ngodya ndi Y-mtundu.Mtundu wowongoka ndi womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo mtundu wa ngodya umagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe njira yamadzimadzi imasintha 90 °.
Kuphatikiza apo, valavu ya throttle ndi valavu ya singano imakhalanso ngati valavu yoyimitsa, yomwe imakhala ndi ntchito yolamulira kwambiri kuposa valve yoyimitsa wamba.
1.3Chevk valve
Vavu yowunika imatchedwanso valavu yanjira imodzi, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kutuluka kwamadzi.Choncho, poika valavu yowunikira, tcherani khutu ku kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma valve cheke, ndipo opanga osiyanasiyana ali ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, koma amagawanika kukhala mtundu wa swing ndi kukweza kuchokera pamapangidwewo.Mavavu oyendera ma swing makamaka amaphatikiza mtundu wa valavu imodzi ndi mtundu wa valavu iwiri.
Vavu yagulugufe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito potsegula ndi kutseka ndi kugwedeza kwapakati pamadzi ndi zolimba zoyimitsidwa.Imakhala ndi kukana kwamadzi pang'ono, kulemera kopepuka, kukula kwake kakang'ono, ndikutsegula ndi kutseka mwachangu.Ndizoyenera mapaipi akuluakulu awiri.Vavu yagulugufe imakhala ndi ntchito yosinthira ndipo imatha kunyamula matope.Chifukwa cha ukadaulo wakumbuyo wakumbuyo m'mbuyomu, ma valve agulugufe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina amadzi, koma kawirikawiri m'machitidwe opangira.Ndi kusintha kwa zipangizo, mapangidwe ndi kukonza, mavavu agulugufe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu machitidwe opangira.
Mavavu agulugufe ali ndi mitundu iwiri: chisindikizo chofewa ndi chosindikizira cholimba.Kusankhidwa kwa chisindikizo chofewa ndi chosindikizira cholimba makamaka kumadalira kutentha kwa sing'anga yamadzimadzi.Kunena zoona, kusindikiza kwa chisindikizo chofewa ndikwabwino kuposa kusindikiza kolimba.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya zisindikizo zofewa: mipando ya mphira ndi PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene).Mavavu agulugufe pampando wa mphira (matupi a mphira okhala ndi mphira) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'madzi ndipo amakhala ndi dongosolo lapakati.Mtundu woterewu wa agulugufe ukhoza kukhazikitsidwa popanda ma gaskets chifukwa flange ya mphira imatha kukhala ngati gasket.Mavavu agulugufe okhala ndi mpando wa PTFE amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina opangira, nthawi zambiri amakhala amodzi kapena awiri eccentric.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya zisindikizo zolimba, monga mphete zosindikizira zolimba, zisindikizo za multilayer (Laminated seals), ndi zina zotero.Mapangidwe a valavu yagulugufe yolimba kwambiri amakhala ngati eccentric katatu, yomwe imathetsa mavuto a chiwongola dzanja chowonjezera komanso kubwezera.The double eccentric or triple eccentric structure hard seal butterfly valve imakhalanso ndi njira ziwiri zosindikizira, ndipo kumbuyo kwake (kutsika kwapakati pa mbali yothamanga kwambiri) kusindikiza kusindikiza sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa 80% ya njira yabwino (kuthamanga kwapamwamba kwa mbali yothamanga kwambiri). low pressure side).Kupanga ndi kusankha ziyenera kukambirana ndi wopanga.
1.5 Valve ya tambala
Valve ya pulagi imakhala ndi kukana kwamadzi pang'ono, kusindikiza bwino, moyo wautali wautumiki, ndipo imatha kusindikizidwa mbali zonse ziwiri, motero imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zowopsa kwambiri kapena zowopsa, koma torque yotsegulira ndi kutseka ndiyokulirapo, ndipo mtengo wake ndi okwera kwambiri.Mphuno ya valavu ya pulagi simaunjikira madzi, makamaka zinthu zomwe zili mu chipangizochi sizingawononge, kotero valavu ya pulagi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zina.
Mayendedwe a valavu ya pulagi akhoza kugawidwa molunjika, njira zitatu ndi zinayi, zomwe ziri zoyenera kugawa mosiyanasiyana kwa gasi ndi madzimadzimadzimadzi.
Mavavu a tambala amatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: osapaka mafuta komanso opaka mafuta.Valve yosindikizidwa ya plug yokhala ndi mafuta okakamiza imapanga filimu yamafuta pakati pa pulagi ndi malo osindikizira a pulagi chifukwa chamafuta okakamizidwa.Mwanjira iyi, kusindikiza kumakhala bwino, kutsegula ndi kutseka ndikupulumutsa ntchito, ndipo malo osindikizira amatetezedwa kuti asawonongeke, koma ziyenera kuganiziridwa ngati mafuta akuipitsa zinthuzo, ndipo mtundu wosapaka mafuta umasankhidwa. kukonza nthawi zonse.
Chisindikizo cham'manja cha valavu ya pulagi chimakhala chopitilira ndipo chimazungulira pulagi yonse, kotero kuti madziwo sangagwirizane ndi shaft.Kuphatikiza apo, valavu ya pulagi imakhala ndi chitsulo chophatikizika chachitsulo ngati chisindikizo chachiwiri, kotero valavu ya pulagi imatha kuwongolera kutulutsa kwakunja.Mavavu omangira nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda paketi.Pakakhala zofunikira zapadera (monga kutuluka kunja sikuloledwa, etc.), kulongedza kumafunika ngati chisindikizo chachitatu.
Mapangidwe a valavu ya pulagi amalola valavu ya pulagi kuti isinthe mpando wa valve yosindikizira pa intaneti.Chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, malo osindikizira adzavala.Chifukwa pulagiyo imadulidwa, pulagi imatha kukanikizidwa pansi ndi bolt ya chivundikiro cha valve kuti ikhale yogwirizana kwambiri ndi mpando wa valve kuti ikwaniritse kusindikiza.
1.6 valavu ya mpira
Ntchito ya valve ya mpira ndi yofanana ndi valavu ya pulagi (valavu ya mpira ndi yochokera ku valavu ya pulagi).Valve ya mpira imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zosindikizira, choncho imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Valve ya mpira imatsegula ndi kutseka mwamsanga, kutsegula ndi kutseka torque ndi yaying'ono kusiyana ndi valavu ya pulagi, kukana kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, ndipo kukonza kumakhala kosavuta.Ndi oyenera slurry, viscous madzimadzi ndi sing'anga mapaipi ndi zofunika kusindikiza mkulu.Ndipo chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika, mavavu a mpira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuposa ma valve a pulagi.Mavavu a mpira amatha kugawidwa kuchokera ku kapangidwe ka mpira, kapangidwe kake ka ma valve, njira yolowera ndi malo okhala.
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, pali ma valve oyandama a mpira ndi ma valve okhazikika.Yoyamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati ma diameter ang'onoang'ono, omalizawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma diameter akulu, nthawi zambiri DN200 (CLASS 150), DN150 (CLASS 300 ndi CLASS 600) ngati malire.
Malingana ndi kapangidwe ka thupi la valve, pali mitundu itatu: mtundu wamtundu umodzi, mtundu wamitundu iwiri ndi mitundu itatu.Pali mitundu iwiri ya mtundu wamtundu umodzi: wokwera pamwamba ndi wokwera pambali.
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe othamanga, pali mainchesi athunthu komanso ocheperako.Mavavu a mpira ochepetsedwa amagwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zochepa kusiyana ndi ma valve a mpira wathunthu ndipo ndi otchipa.Ngati ndondomeko ziloleza, zikhoza kuganiziridwa mwachisawawa.Mpira valavu otaya ngalande akhoza kugawidwa molunjika, njira zitatu ndi zinayi, amene ali oyenera Mipikisano directional kugawa gasi ndi madzimadzimadzi.Malinga ndi zida zapampando, pali chisindikizo chofewa komanso chosindikizira cholimba.Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zoyatsira kapena zakunja zimatha kuyaka, valavu yosindikizira yofewa iyenera kukhala ndi anti-static ndi proof-proof design, ndipo zopangidwa ndi wopanga zimayenera kuyesa mayeso olimbana ndi static ndi moto, monga molingana ndi API607.Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito pazitsulo zofewa za butterfly ndi ma plug valves (ma valve a pulagi amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zakunja zotetezera moto poyesa moto).
1.7 valavu ya diaphragm
Vavu ya diaphragm imatha kusindikizidwa mbali zonse ziwiri, yoyenera kutsika pang'ono, slurry yowononga kapena kuyimitsidwa kwamadzimadzi a viscous.Ndipo chifukwa makina opangira opaleshoni amasiyanitsidwa ndi njira yapakatikati, madzimadziwo amadulidwa ndi diaphragm yotanuka, yomwe ili yoyenera kwambiri pakati pazakudya ndi zamankhwala ndi zaumoyo.Kutentha kwa ntchito ya valve ya diaphragm kumadalira kutentha kwa zinthu za diaphragm.Kuchokera pamapangidwewo, amatha kugawidwa mumtundu wowongoka komanso mtundu wa weir.
2. Kusankhidwa kwa fomu yolumikizira mapeto
Mitundu yolumikizira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapawo a valve imaphatikizira kulumikizana kwa flange, kulumikizana kwa ulusi, kulumikiza kwa matako ndi kulumikizana kwa socket.
2.1 kugwirizana kwa flange
Kulumikizana kwa Flange kumathandizira kukhazikitsa ma valve ndi kusokoneza.Ma valve kumapeto kwa flange kusindikiza pamwamba pa mawonekedwe amaphatikizapo pamwamba (FF), pamwamba (RF), concave surface (FM), lilime ndi groove surface (TG) ndi ring connection surface (RJ).Miyezo ya flange yotengedwa ndi ma valve a API ndi mndandanda monga ASMEB16.5.Nthawi zina mutha kuwona kalasi ya 125 ndi Class 250 pamavavu opindika.Uwu ndiye mulingo wokakamiza wa ma flanges achitsulo.Ndizofanana ndi kukula kwa kugwirizana kwa Class 150 ndi Class 300, kupatula kuti malo osindikizira awiri oyambirira ndi ndege zonse (FF).
Ma valve a Wafer ndi Lug amapangidwanso.
2.2 Kuwotcherera matako
Chifukwa cha mphamvu yamphamvu yazitsulo zowonongeka ndi kusindikiza bwino, ma valve omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi butt-welded mu dongosolo la mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa kutentha kwina, kuthamanga kwambiri, mauthenga oopsa kwambiri, nthawi zoyaka moto komanso zophulika.
2.3 Socket kuwotcherera ndi ulusi kulumikizana
Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapaipi omwe kukula kwake sikudutsa DN40, koma sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati media media yokhala ndi dzimbiri.
Kulumikizana kwa ulusi sikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamapaipi okhala ndi zida zapoizoni komanso zoyaka moto, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, kupewedwa kuti kugwiritsidwe ntchito pakukweza kwa cyclic.Pakalipano, amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzochitika zomwe kupanikizika sikuli kwakukulu mu polojekitiyi.Mawonekedwe a ulusi papaipi amakhala makamaka ulusi wa chitoliro.Pali mitundu iwiri ya tapered chitoliro ulusi.Makona a cone apex ndi 55 ° ndi 60 ° motsatana.Awiriwo sangasinthidwe.Pa mapaipi okhala ndi zoyaka kapena zowopsa kwambiri, ngati unsembe umafunikira kulumikizana kwa ulusi, kukula mwadzina kuyenera kusapitilira DN20 panthawiyi, ndipo kuwotcherera chisindikizo kuyenera kuchitidwa pambuyo pa kugwirizana kwa ulusi.
3. Zinthu
Zida za valve zimaphatikizapo nyumba za valve, zamkati, ma gaskets, kulongedza ndi zipangizo zomangira.Chifukwa pali zida zambiri zamavavu, komanso chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa malo, nkhaniyi imangofotokoza mwachidule zida za ma valve.Zida zachitsulo zachitsulo zimaphatikizapo chitsulo choponyedwa, chitsulo cha carbon, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chitsulo cha alloy.
3.1 chitsulo chachitsulo
Chitsulo cha Gray cast (A1262B) nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamavavu otsika kwambiri ndipo sichivomerezedwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito pamapaipi opangira.Kuchita (kulimba ndi kulimba) kwachitsulo cha ductile (A395) kuli bwino kuposa chitsulo chotuwa.
3.2 Chitsulo cha kaboni
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazitsulo za carbon pakupanga ma valve ndi A2162WCB (casting) ndi A105 (forging).Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa carbon steel yomwe ikugwira ntchito pamwamba pa 400 ℃ kwa nthawi yaitali, zomwe zidzakhudza moyo wa valve.Kwa ma valve otsika kutentha, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi A3522LCB (casting) ndi A3502LF2 (forging).
3.3 Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Austenitic
Zida zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za Austenitic nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga dzimbiri kapena kutentha kwambiri.The castings ambiri ntchito ndi A351-CF8, A351-CF8M, A351-CF3 ndi A351-CF3M;zojambula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi A182-F304, A182-F316, A182-F304L ndi A182-F316L.
3.4 aloyi zitsulo zakuthupi
Kwa ma valve otsika kutentha, A352-LC3 (castings) ndi A350-LF3 (forgings) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.
Kwa mavavu otentha kwambiri, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi A217-WC6 (casting), A182-F11 (forging) ndi A217-WC9 (casting), A182-F22 (forging).Popeza WC9 ndi F22 ndi 2-1 / 4Cr-1Mo mndandanda, iwo ali apamwamba Cr ndi Mo kuposa WC6 ndi F11 za 1-1 / 4Cr-1 / 2Mo mndandanda, kotero iwo ali bwino kutentha kukwawa kukana.
4. Drive mode
Ntchito ya valve nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito njira yamanja.Pamene valavu ili ndi mphamvu yapamwamba yadzina kapena kukula kwake kwakukulu, zimakhala zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito valavu pamanja, kutumizira zida ndi njira zina zogwiritsira ntchito zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.Kusankhidwa kwa ma valve oyendetsa galimoto kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi mtundu, kuthamanga kwadzina ndi kukula kwake kwa valve.Table 1 ikuwonetsa momwe ma drive a gear ayenera kuganiziridwa pa ma valve osiyanasiyana.Kwa opanga osiyanasiyana, mikhalidwe iyi ingasinthe pang'ono, yomwe ingadziwike mwa kukambirana.
5. Mfundo za kusankha valve
5.1 Zofunikira zazikulu zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa pakusankha ma valve
(1) Chikhalidwe chamadzimadzi chomwe chimaperekedwa chidzakhudza kusankha kwa mtundu wa valve ndi ma valve.
(2) Zofunikira zogwirira ntchito (malamulo kapena kudula), zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kusankha kwa mtundu wa valve.
(3) Mikhalidwe yogwiritsira ntchito (kaya kawirikawiri), zomwe zidzakhudza kusankha mtundu wa valve ndi zida za valve.
(4) Makhalidwe oyenda ndi kuwonongeka kwa mikangano.
(5) Kukula kwadzina kwa valve (mavavu okhala ndi kukula kwakukulu kwadzina angapezeke mumtundu wochepa wa mitundu ya valve).
(6) Zofunikira zina zapadera, monga kutseka basi, kuthamanga bwino, etc.
5.2 Kusankha zinthu
(1) Zopangazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma diameter ang'onoang'ono (DN≤40), ndipo zopangira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma diameter akulu (DN>40).Pamapeto a ma valve opangira ma valve, thupi lophatikizika la ma valve liyenera kukondedwa.Ngati flange ndi welded kwa valavu thupi, 100% radiographic anayendera ayenera kuchitidwa pa kuwotcherera.
(2) Mpweya wa kaboni wa matupi opangidwa ndi matako ndi socket-welded carbon steel valve sayenera kupitirira 0.25%, ndipo wofanana ndi mpweya sayenera kupitirira 0.45%
Dziwani izi: Pamene kutentha ntchito austenitic zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo upambana 425 ° C, okhutira mpweya sayenera kukhala zosakwana 0,04%, ndi kutentha boma mankhwala ndi wamkulu kuposa 1040 ° C kudya kuzirala (CF8) ndi 1100 ° C kudya kuzirala (CF8M) ).
(4) Pamene madzimadzi akuwononga ndipo zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito, zipangizo zina zapadera ziyenera kuganiziridwa, monga 904L, duplex zitsulo (monga S31803, etc.), Monel ndi Hastelloy.
5.3 Kusankhidwa kwa valve yachipata
(1) Chipata chimodzi cholimba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri DN≤50;zotanuka single chipata nthawi zambiri ntchito pamene DN>50.
(2) Kwa valavu yachipata chimodzi chosinthika cha dongosolo la cryogenic, dzenje lolowera liyenera kutsegulidwa pachipata kumbali yothamanga kwambiri.
(3) Ma valve otsika otsika a zipata ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimafuna kutsika kochepa.Ma valve otsika otsika amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe mavavu amtundu wa bellows amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale.
(4) Ngakhale valve pachipata ndi mtundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zopangira petrochemical.Komabe, mavavu a pachipata sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa izi:
① Chifukwa kutalika kotsegulira ndikwambiri komanso malo ofunikira kuti agwire ntchito ndiakuluakulu, sikoyenera nthawi zokhala ndi malo ochepa ogwirira ntchito.
② Nthawi yotsegula ndi yotseka ndi yaitali, choncho siyenera kutsegula ndi kutseka mwamsanga.
③ Sikoyenera madzi okhala ndi sedimentation yolimba.Pakuti chosindikiziracho chidzatha, chipatacho sichidzatsekedwa.
④ Sikoyenera kusintha kayendedwe.Chifukwa pamene valve yachipata imatsegulidwa pang'ono, sing'angayo idzatulutsa eddy panopa kumbuyo kwa chipata, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuchititsa kukokoloka ndi kugwedezeka kwa chipata, ndipo malo osindikizira a mpando wa valve amawonongeka mosavuta.
⑤ Kugwira ntchito pafupipafupi kwa valavu kumapangitsa kuvala kwambiri pamwamba pa mpando wa valavu, choncho nthawi zambiri kumakhala koyenera kuchitidwa kawirikawiri.
5.4 Kusankhidwa kwa valavu yapadziko lonse lapansi
(1) Poyerekeza ndi valavu yachipata chazomwezo, valavu yotseka imakhala ndi kutalika kwake kwakukulu.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapaipi okhala ndi DN≤250, chifukwa kukonza ndi kupanga valavu yotsekera m'mimba mwake kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, ndipo kusindikiza kwake sikuli bwino ngati valavu yotseka yaing'ono.
(2) Chifukwa cha kukana kwakukulu kwamadzimadzi kwa valve yotseka, sikuli koyenera zolimba zoyimitsidwa ndi media zamadzimadzi zokhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu.
(3) Valavu ya singano ndi valavu yotseka yokhala ndi pulagi yabwino, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pakusintha pang'ono kwabwino kapena ngati valavu yachitsanzo.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma diameter ang'onoang'ono.Ngati caliber ndi yayikulu, ntchito yosinthira imafunikanso, ndipo valve yothamanga ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.Panthawi imeneyi, valve clack ili ndi mawonekedwe monga parabola.
(4) Pazinthu zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimafuna kutsika pang'ono, valavu yotsika yotsika iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Ma valve otsekera otsika otsika amakhala ndi zida zambiri, zomwe mavavu otseka amtundu wa bellows amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale.
Mavavu amtundu wa Bellows amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuposa ma valve amtundu wa bellows, chifukwa mavavu amtundu wa globe amakhala ndi mavuvu amfupi komanso moyo wautali wozungulira.Komabe, mavavu a bellows ndi okwera mtengo, ndipo mtundu wa mvuto (monga zipangizo, nthawi zozungulira, ndi zina zotero) ndi kuwotcherera kumakhudza kwambiri moyo wautumiki ndi ntchito ya valve, choncho chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa posankha.
5.5 Kusankhidwa kwa valve cheke
(1) Ma valve okwera okwera amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi DN≤50 ndipo amatha kuikidwa pamapaipi opingasa.Mavavu okwera okwera nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi DN≤100 ndipo amayikidwa pamapaipi oyima.
(2) Chovala chowongolera chokweza chikhoza kusankhidwa ndi mawonekedwe a kasupe, ndipo ntchito yosindikiza pa nthawi ino ndi yabwino kuposa yopanda kasupe.
(3) Kutsika kochepa kwa valavu ya swing check nthawi zambiri ndi DN> 50.Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamapaipi opingasa kapena mapaipi oyima (madzimadzi ayenera kukhala kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba), koma ndikosavuta kuyambitsa nyundo yamadzi.Valve yoyang'ana pawiri disc (Double Disc) nthawi zambiri imakhala mtundu wopindika, womwe ndi valavu yosunga malo kwambiri, yomwe ndi yabwino kuyika mapaipi, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pama diameter akulu.Popeza chimbale cha valavu yoyang'ana wamba (mtundu umodzi wa disc) sungathe kutsegulidwa kwathunthu ku 90 °, pali kukana kwina kothamanga, kotero pamene ndondomekoyo ikufuna, zofunikira zapadera (zimafuna kutsegulidwa kwathunthu kwa diski) kapena Y mtundu Lift. chekeni valavu.
(4) Pankhani ya nyundo yamadzi yomwe ingatheke, valavu yotsegula yokhala ndi chipangizo chotseka pang'onopang'ono ndi makina otsekemera amatha kuganiziridwa.Vavu yamtunduwu imagwiritsa ntchito sing'anga mupaipi pobisalira, ndipo panthawi yomwe valavu yotsekera imatsekedwa, imatha kuthetsa kapena kuchepetsa nyundo yamadzi, kuteteza payipi ndikuletsa mpope kuti asabwerere chammbuyo.
5.6 Kusankhidwa kwa valavu ya pulagi
(1) Chifukwa cha zovuta zopanga, ma valve osapaka mafuta DN> 250 sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
(2) Pamene pakufunika kuti valavu ya valve isaunjike madzi, valavu ya pulagi iyenera kusankhidwa.
(3) Pamene kusindikizidwa kwa valavu ya mpira wofewa sikungathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira, ngati kutuluka kwamkati kumachitika, valavu ya pulagi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwake.
(4) Pazikhalidwe zina zogwirira ntchito, kutentha kumasintha pafupipafupi, valavu wamba ya pulagi singagwiritsidwe ntchito.Chifukwa kusintha kwa kutentha kumayambitsa kufalikira kosiyana ndi kutsika kwa zigawo za valve ndi zinthu zosindikizira, kuchepa kwa nthawi yaitali kwa kulongedza kumayambitsa kutuluka kwa valve pa tsinde la valve panthawi yotentha.Panthawiyi, m'pofunika kuganizira ma valve apadera a pulagi, monga Severe service series ya XOMOX, yomwe singapangidwe ku China.
5.7 Kusankhidwa kwa valavu ya mpira
(1) Valavu yokwera pamwamba imatha kukonzedwa pa intaneti.Ma valve okhala ndi magawo atatu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi ulusi komanso zitsulo.
(2) Pamene payipi ili ndi makina odutsa mpira, mavavu a mpira okha ndi omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
(3) Kusindikiza kwa chisindikizo chofewa ndikwabwino kuposa chisindikizo cholimba, koma sichingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa kutentha kwakukulu (kutentha kwa kutentha kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopanda zitsulo zosindikizira sikufanana).
(4) sichidzagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zomwe kudzikundikira kwamadzimadzi muzitsulo za valve sikuloledwa.
5.8 Kusankhidwa kwa vavu ya butterfly
(1) Pamene mbali zonse ziwiri za vavu ya gulugufe zikufunika kupasuka, valavu ya butterfly ya ulusi iyenera kusankhidwa.
(2) Kucheperachepera kwa valve yagulugufe yapakati nthawi zambiri kumakhala DN50;m'mimba mwake pang'ono wa eccentric gulugufe valavu zambiri DN80.
(3) Mukamagwiritsa ntchito katatu eccentric PTFE mpando agulugufe valavu, mpando wooneka ngati U ndi bwino.
5.9 Kusankhidwa kwa Vavu ya Diaphragm
(1) Mtundu wowongoka uli ndi kukana kwamadzimadzi otsika, kutseguka kwautali ndi kutsekeka kwa diaphragm, ndipo moyo wautumiki wa diaphragm suli wabwino ngati wamtundu wodabwitsa.
(2) Mtundu wonyezimira uli ndi kukana kwamadzimadzi kwakukulu, kutsegula pang'ono ndi kutseka kwa diaphragm, ndipo moyo wautumiki wa diaphragm ndi wabwino kuposa mtundu wowongoka.
5.10 chikoka cha zinthu zina pa kusankha vavu
(1) Pamene kutsika kovomerezeka kwa dongosololi kumakhala kochepa, mtundu wa valve wokhala ndi madzi ocheperapo uyenera kusankhidwa, monga valve yachipata, valve yowongoka, ndi zina zotero.
(2) Ngati pakufunika kuzimitsa mwamsanga, mavavu omangira, ma valve a mpira, ndi agulugufe ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Kwa ma diameter ang'onoang'ono, ma valve a mpira ayenera kukhala abwino.
(3) Ma valve ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalopo amakhala ndi mawilo amanja.Ngati pali mtunda wina kuchokera kumalo ogwiritsira ntchito, sprocket kapena ndodo yowonjezera ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
(4) Pamadzimadzi a viscous, ma slurries ndi media okhala ndi tinthu zolimba, ma valve a pulagi, ma valve a mpira kapena ma valve agulugufe ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
(5) Kwa machitidwe oyera, ma valve a pulagi, ma valve a mpira, ma valve a diaphragm ndi agulugufe amasankhidwa (zofunika zowonjezera zimafunikira, monga zofunikira zopukuta, zofunikira zosindikizira, ndi zina zotero).
(6) Muzochitika zachilendo, ma valve omwe ali ndi mphamvu zowonjezera (kuphatikizapo) Kalasi 900 ndi DN≥50 amagwiritsa ntchito mabotolo osindikizira (Pressure Seal Bonnet);mavavu okhala ndi mphamvu zotsika kuposa (kuphatikiza) Kalasi 600 amagwiritsa ntchito mavavu opindika Chophimba (Bolted Bonnet), pazinthu zina zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimafuna kupewa kutayikira mwamphamvu, bonati yowotcherera imatha kuganiziridwa.M'mapulojekiti ena omwe anthu amatha kutentha pang'ono komanso kutentha kwanthawi zonse, maboneti a mgwirizano (Union Bonnet) atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma mawonekedwewa sagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
(7) Ngati valavu ikufunika kutenthedwa kapena kuzizira, zogwirira ntchito za valavu ya mpira ndi valavu ya pulagi ziyenera kutalikitsidwa polumikizana ndi tsinde la valve kuti tipewe kusanjikiza kwa valve, kawirikawiri osapitirira 150mm.
(8) Pamene caliber ndi yaying'ono, ngati mpando wa valve uli wopunduka panthawi yowotcherera ndi kutentha, valavu yokhala ndi thupi lalitali la valve kapena chitoliro chachifupi kumapeto chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
(9) Ma valve (kupatula ma check valves) a machitidwe a cryogenic (pansi -46 ° C) ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a khosi la bonnet.Tsinde la valavu liyenera kuthandizidwa ndi chithandizo chofananira pamwamba kuti muwonjezere kuuma kwa pamwamba kuti tsinde la valavu litetezeke ndi kulongedza ndi kulongedza gland kuti zisakanda komanso kukhudza chisindikizo.
Kuwonjezera pa kulingalira zomwe zili pamwambazi posankha chitsanzo, zofunikira za ndondomeko, chitetezo ndi zachuma ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa mozama kuti apange chisankho chomaliza cha mawonekedwe a valve.Ndipo m'pofunika kulemba valavu deta pepala, ambiri vavu deta pepala ayenera kukhala ndi zotsatirazi:
(1) Dzina, kuthamanga mwadzina, ndi kukula mwadzina kwa valve.
(2) Mapangidwe ndi kuyendera miyezo.
(3) Valve kodi.
(4) Mapangidwe a ma valve, mawonekedwe a bonnet ndi kugwirizanitsa mapeto a valve.
(5) valavu nyumba zipangizo, valavu mpando ndi valavu mbale kusindikiza pamwamba zipangizo, valavu zimayambira ndi mbali zina zamkati zipangizo, kulongedza katundu, valavu chivundikiro gaskets ndi zomangira zipangizo, etc.
(6) Drive mode.
(7) Zofunikira pakuyika ndi zoyendera.
(8) Zofunikira zamkati ndi zakunja zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri.
(9) Zofunikira zaubwino ndi zofunikira zosinthira.
(10) Zofuna za eni ake ndi zina zapadera (monga kulemba chizindikiro, etc.).
6. Mawu omaliza
Vavu ali ndi udindo wofunikira mu dongosolo la mankhwala.Kusankhidwa kwa mavavu a mapaipi kuyenera kutengera mbali zambiri monga gawo la gawo (zamadzimadzi, nthunzi), zolimba, kuthamanga, kutentha, ndi dzimbiri zamadzimadzi omwe amatumizidwa mupaipi.Kuphatikiza apo, ntchitoyo ndi yodalirika komanso yopanda mavuto, mtengo wake ndi wololera komanso kuzungulira kwa kupanga nawonso ndikofunikira.
M'mbuyomu, posankha zida za valve mu kapangidwe ka uinjiniya, nthawi zambiri zipolopolo zokha zinkaganiziridwa, ndipo kusankha kwa zinthu monga zigawo zamkati sikunanyalanyazidwe.Kusankhidwa kosayenera kwa zipangizo zamkati nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kulephera kwa kusindikiza kwamkati kwa valve, kunyamula tsinde la valve ndi gasket yophimba valavu, zomwe zidzakhudza moyo wautumiki, zomwe sizidzakwaniritsa zotsatira zogwiritsidwa ntchito poyambirira ndikuyambitsa ngozi mosavuta.
Potengera momwe zinthu ziliri pano, ma valve a API alibe nambala yolumikizirana, ndipo ngakhale kuti valavu yamtundu wamtundu wamtundu ili ndi njira zodziwikiratu, sizingawonetse bwino mbali zamkati ndi zida zina, komanso zofunikira zina zapadera.Choncho, mu ntchito yaumisiri, valavu yofunikira iyenera kufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane polemba pepala la deta la valve.Izi zimapereka mwayi wosankha ma valve, kugula, kukhazikitsa, kutumiza ndi zida zosinthira, kumapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yabwino, ndikuchepetsa kuthekera kwa zolakwika.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-13-2021