Iivalvu ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yemibhobho, kwaye iivalve zetsimbi zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizityalo zamachiza. Umsebenzi we-valve usetyenziselwa ukuvula nokuvala, ukubethelwa kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwemibhobho kunye nezixhobo. Ngoko ke, ukhetho oluchanekileyo nolufanelekileyo lweevalvu zetsimbi ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni izityalo kunye neenkqubo zokulawula ulwelo.
1. Iintlobo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweevalvu
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeevalvu kubunjineli. Ngenxa yokwahlukana koxinzelelo lwamanzi, ubushushu kunye neempawu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, iimfuno zokulawula iinkqubo zamanzi zikwahluke, kubandakanywa iivalve zesango, i-valve yokumisa (i-throttle valves, iivalve zenaliti), ii-valve zokujonga, kunye neeplagi. Iivalvu, iivalve zebhola, iivalve zebhabhathane kunye ne-diaphragm valves zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizityalo zemichiza.
ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuvulwa kunye nokuvalwa kwamanzi, kunye nokumelana nolwelo oluncinci, ukusebenza kakuhle kokutywinwa, ulwalathiso olungenamda lokuhamba oluphakathi, amandla amancinci angaphandle afunekayo ekuvuleni nasekuvaleni, kunye nobude obufutshane besakhiwo.
Isiqu sevalve sahlulwe saba sisikhondo esiqaqambileyo kunye nesiqu esifihlakeleyo. Ivalve yesango yesiqu eveziweyo ifanelekile kumajelo eendaba ezonakalisayo, kwaye ivalve yesango ye-stem eveziweyo isetyenziswa ngokusisiseko kubunjineli bemichiza. Iivalvu zesango ezifihliweyo zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimijelo yamanzi, kwaye zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kuxinzelelo oluphantsi, kumathuba aphakathi angadlekiyo, njengentsimbi etyhidiweyo kunye neevalvu zobhedu. Ulwakhiwo lwesango lubandakanya isango lewedge kunye nesango elinxuseneyo.
Amasango eWedge ahlulwe abe yisango elinye kunye nesango eliphindwe kabini. Iinkunzi zeegusha ezihambelanayo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zothutho lweoyile kunye negesi kwaye aziqhelekanga ukusetyenziswa kwizityalo zemichiza.
isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukusika. Ivalve yokumisa inokumelana nolwelo olukhulu, itorque enkulu yokuvula kunye nokuvala, kwaye ineemfuno zendlela yokuhamba. Xa kuthelekiswa neevalvu zesango, iivalvu zeglowubhu zinezi nzuzo zilandelayo:
(1) Amandla okruthakruthwano omgangatho wokutywina uncinci kunalowo wevalve yesango ngexesha lokuvula nokuvalwa kwenkqubo, kwaye ayigugi.
(2) Ubude bokuvula buncinci kunevalve yesango.
(3) Ivalve yeglowubhu idla ngokuba nomphezulu omnye wokutywina, kwaye inkqubo yokuvelisa ilungile, elungele ukulungiswa.
Ivalve yeglowubhu, njengevalve yesango, nayo inentonga eqaqambileyo kunye nentonga emnyama, ngoko andizi kuziphinda apha. Ngokwesakhiwo somzimba wevalve eyahlukileyo, ivalve yokumisa ine-straight-through, i-angle kunye nohlobo lwe-Y. Uhlobo oluchanekileyo lolona lusetyenziswa kakhulu, kwaye uhlobo lwe-angle lusetyenziswa apho ulwalathiso lokuhamba kwamanzi lutshintsha i-90 °.
Ukongeza, ivalve ye-throttle kunye nevalve yenaliti nayo luhlobo lwesivalo sokumisa, esinomsebenzi wokulawula onamandla kunevalve yokumisa eqhelekileyo.
Ivalve yokutshekisha ikwabizwa ngokuba ivelufa yendlela enye, esetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukuqukuqela okubuyela umva kolwelo. Ngoko ke, xa ufaka i-valve yokutshekisha, nikela ingqalelo kwindlela ehamba ngayo ye-medium kufuneka ihambelane nesalathiso sotolo kwi-valve yokukhangela. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeevalvu zokutshekisha, kwaye abavelisi abahlukeneyo banemveliso eyahlukeneyo, kodwa bahlulahlulwe ngokukodwa ngohlobo lwe-swing kunye nohlobo lokuphakamisa kwisakhiwo. Iivalvu zokujonga i-Swing ikakhulu zibandakanya uhlobo lwevalve enye kunye nodidi lwevalve kabini.
Ivalve yebhabhathane ingasetyenziselwa ukuvula kunye nokuvala kunye nokubethekisa okuphakathi kolwelo kunye nezinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo. Inokumelana nolwelo oluncinci, ubunzima obukhanyayo, ubungakanani besakhiwo esincinci, kunye nokuvula nokuvala ngokukhawuleza. Ifanelekile kwimibhobho yobubanzi obukhulu. Ivalve yebhabhathane inomsebenzi othile wohlengahlengiso kwaye inokuthutha uludaka. Ngenxa yeteknoloji yokulungisa umva kwixesha elidlulileyo, iivalve zebhabhathane zisetyenziswe kwiinkqubo zamanzi, kodwa kunqabile kwiinkqubo zenkqubo. Ngokuphuculwa kwezinto, ukuyila kunye nokucubungula, iivalve zebhabhathane ziye zasetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zenkqubo.
Iivalve zebhabhathane zineentlobo ezimbini: itywina elithambileyo kunye netywina eliqinileyo. Ukukhethwa kwetywina elithambileyo kunye netywina eliqinileyo ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kubushushu besixhobo solwelo. Xa sithetha ngokuthelekisa, ukusebenza kokutywinwa kwetywina elithambileyo kungcono kunolo lwetywina eliqinileyo.
Kukho iindidi ezimbini zamatywina athambileyo: irabha kunye ne-PTFE (i-polytetrafluoroethylene) izihlalo zevalvu. Iivalvu ze-butterfly seat (i-rubber-lined valve bodies) zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zamanzi kwaye zinesakhiwo esisembindini. Olu hlobo lwevalve yebhabhathane lunokufakwa ngaphandle kwee-gaskets kuba i-flange ye-rubber lining inokusebenza njenge-gasket. PTFE isihlalo butterfly valves zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiinkqubo inkqubo, ngokubanzi enye eccentric okanye kabini eccentric isakhiwo.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zamatywina aqinileyo, njengamakhonkco etywina aqinileyo, amatywina amaninzi (i-Laminated seals), njl. Ulwakhiwo lwevalve yebhabhathane eqinileyo lukhethwa ukuba luphindwe kathathu, olusombulula iingxaki zembuyekezo yokwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye nokunxiba imbuyekezo. I-double eccentric okanye i-triple eccentric structure eqinile itywina ivalve yebhabhathane nayo ineendlela ezimbini zokutywina, kwaye umva wayo (icala eliphantsi loxinzelelo ukuya kwicala loxinzelelo oluphezulu) uxinzelelo lokutywina alufanele lube ngaphantsi kwe-80% yecala elilungileyo (icala loxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuya. icala eliphantsi loxinzelelo). Uyilo kunye nokukhethwa kufuneka kuthethathethwane nomenzi.
1.5 Ivalve yeNkuku
Ivalve yeplagi inokumelana nolwelo oluncinci, ukusebenza kakuhle kokutywinwa, ubomi benkonzo ende, kwaye inokutywinwa macala omabini, ke isoloko isetyenziswa kwizinto eziyingozi kakhulu okanye eziyingozi kakhulu, kodwa itorque yokuvula kunye nokuvala inkulu, kwaye ixabiso liphezulu. phezulu noko. Umgodi wevalve yeplagi awuqokeleli ulwelo, ngakumbi imathiriyeli ekwisixhobo esiphazamisayo ayisayi kubangela ungcoliseko, ngoko ke ivalve yeplagi kufuneka isetyenziswe ngamanye amaxesha.
I-flow passage ye-valve yeplagi inokwahlulwa ibe ngokuthe tye, iindlela ezintathu kunye neendlela ezine, ezilungele ukuhanjiswa kwe-multi-directional yegesi kunye nolwelo lwamanzi.
Iivalve zeNkuku zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: ezingathanjiswanga kwaye zithanjiswe. I-valve yeplagi etywinwe ngeoli ene-lubrication enyanzeliswayo yenza ifilimu yeoli phakathi kweplagi kunye nomgangatho wokutywinwa weplagi ngenxa yokunyanzeliswa kwe-lubrication. Ngale ndlela, ukusebenza kokutywinwa kungcono, ukuvulwa kunye nokuvala kukugcina umsebenzi, kwaye indawo yokutywina ithintelwe ukuba yonakaliswe, kodwa kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba i-lubrication ingcolisa izinto eziphathekayo, kwaye uhlobo olungaxutywanga lukhethwa. ukugcinwa rhoqo.
Isitywina se-Sleeve sevalve yeplagi iyaqhubeka kwaye ijikeleze yonke iplagi, ngoko ke ulwelo aluyi kuqhagamshelana ne-shaft. Ukongeza, ivalve yeplagi inomaleko we-diaphragm yentsimbi edibeneyo njengetywina lesibini, ngoko ke ivalve yeplagi inokulawula ngokungqongqo ukuvuza kwangaphandle. Iivalvu zokuplaga azinapakishi. Xa kukho iimfuno ezikhethekileyo (ezifana nokuvuza kwangaphandle akuvumelekanga, njl. njl.), ukupakishwa kuyafuneka njengetywina lesithathu.
Ubume boyilo lwevalve yeplagi ivumela ivalve yeplagi ukulungelelanisa isihlalo sevalve yokutywina kwi-intanethi. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwexesha elide, indawo yokutywina iya kunxitywa. Ngenxa yokuba iplagi icociwe, iplagi inokucinezelwa phantsi ngebholiti yesivalo sevalvu ukuyenza ilingane nesitulo sevalvu ukufikelela kwisiphumo sokutywina.
1.6 ivalve yebhola
Umsebenzi wevalve yebhola ufana nevalve yeplagi (ivalve yebhola iphuma kwivalve yeplagi). Ivalve yebhola inesiphumo esihle sokutywina, ngoko isetyenziswa ngokubanzi. I-valve yebhola ivula kwaye ivale ngokukhawuleza, i-torque yokuvula kunye nokuvala incinci kune-valve yeplagi, ukuchasana kuncinci kakhulu, kwaye ukugcinwa kulungele. Ilungele i-slurry, i-viscous fluid kunye nemibhobho ephakathi kunye neemfuno zokutywinwa okuphezulu. Kwaye ngenxa yexabiso layo eliphantsi, iivalve zebhola zisetyenziswa kakhulu kuneeplagi. Iivalvu zebhola zinokuhlelwa ngokubanzi ukusuka kulwakhiwo lwebhola, ulwakhiwo lomzimba wevalvu, umjelo wokuqukuqela kunye nezinto zokuhlala.
Ngokwesakhiwo se-spherical, kukho iivalve zebhola ezidadayo kunye neevalve zebhola ezisisigxina. Eyangaphambili isetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-diameters ezincinci, ezi mva zisetyenziselwa i-diameters enkulu, ngokubanzi i-DN200 (i-CLASS 150), i-DN150 (i-CLASS 300 kunye ne-CLASS 600) njengomda.
Ngokwesakhiwo somzimba wevalve, kukho iintlobo ezintathu: uhlobo lwesiqwenga esinye, uhlobo lwamaqhekeza amabini kunye nohlobo lwamaqhekeza amathathu. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zohlobo olulodwa: uhlobo oluphezulu kunye nohlobo olusecaleni.
Ngokwefomu yomqhubi, kukho ububanzi obupheleleyo kunye nokunciphisa ububanzi. Iivalvu zebhola ezicuthiweyo zisebenzisa imathiriyeli encinci kuneevalvu zebhola ezinobubanzi obugcweleyo kwaye zinexabiso eliphantsi. Ukuba iimeko zenkqubo ziyavuma, zinokuqwalaselwa ngokukhethekileyo. Imijelo yokuhamba kwevalve yebhola inokwahlulwa ngendlela ethe tye, yeendlela ezintathu kunye nene, ezilungele ukuhanjiswa kwegesi kunye nolwelo olunamacala amaninzi. Ngokwezinto zokuhlala, kukho isitywina esithambileyo kunye nesitywina esiqinileyo. Xa isetyenziswa kumajelo osasazo anokutsha okanye indawo engqongileyo yangaphandle inokutshisa, ivalve yebhola ethambileyo kufuneka ibe noyilo oluchasayo nolunobungqina bomlilo, kwaye iimveliso zomenzi kufuneka ziphumelele iimvavanyo ezichasene ne-static kunye nobungqina bomlilo, njengaku. ngokuhambelana ne-API607. Oku kufana ne-soft-sealed butterfly valves kunye ne-plug valves (iiplagi zeplagi zinokuhlangabezana kuphela neemfuno zokukhusela umlilo kuvavanyo lomlilo).
1.7 ivalve ye-diaphragm
Ivalve ye-diaphragm inokutywinwa kumacala omabini, ilungele uxinzelelo oluphantsi, i-slurry eyonakalisayo okanye i-viscous medium medium. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba indlela yokusebenza yahlulwe kumjelo ophakathi, ulwelo lunqunyulwa yi-elastic diaphragm, elungele kakhulu i-medium kumashishini okutya kunye nezonyango kunye nempilo. Ukushisa okusebenzayo kwevalve ye-diaphragm kuxhomekeke ekuxhathiseni ukushisa kwempahla ye-diaphragm. Ukususela kulwakhiwo, lunokwahlulwa lube ludidi oluthe tye kunye nohlobo olunqabileyo.
2. Ukukhethwa kwefom yoqhagamshelo lwesiphelo
Iifom zoqhagamshelwano ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zeziphelo zevalve ziquka uqhagamshelwano lweflange, uqhagamshelo olunentambo, uqhagamshelo lwe-butt welding kunye nesocket welding connection.
2.1 uqhagamshelwano lweflange
Uxhulumaniso lweFlange lulungele ukufakwa kwevalvu kunye nokuqhaqha. Ivalve end flange yokutywina iifom zomphezulu zibandakanya ubukhulu becala umphezulu (FF), umphezulu ophakanyisiweyo (RF), umphezulu weconcave (FM), ulwimi kunye nomphezulu wegroove (TG) kunye nomphezulu wodibaniso lweringi (RJ). Imigangatho ye-flange eyamkelwa yi-API i-valve iyichungechunge njenge-ASMEB16.5. Ngamanye amaxesha unokubona iKlasi ye-125 kunye neKlasi ye-250 amabakala kwiivalvu ezivulekileyo. Eli linqanaba loxinzelelo lweeflange zentsimbi. Kuyafana nobukhulu boxhulumaniso lweKlasi ye-150 kunye neKlasi ye-300, ngaphandle kokuba iindawo zokutywina ezimbini zokuqala ziyindiza epheleleyo (FF).
I-Wafer kunye ne-Lug valves nazo zijikelezwe.
2.2 Ukudityaniswa kwee-butt welding
Ngenxa yamandla aphezulu okudibanisa i-butt-welded joint kunye nokutywinwa kakuhle, iivalve ezidityaniswe yi-butt-welded kwinkqubo yeekhemikhali zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, imidiya enetyhefu kakhulu, iziganeko ezinokutsha kunye neziqhushumbisi.
2.3 I-Socket welding kunye noqhagamshelwano lwemisonto
iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zemibhobho ezinobungakanani begama obungadluliyo kwi-DN40, kodwa ayinakusetyenziselwa ulwelo lwemidiya olunomhlwa.
Uqhagamshelo lwemisonto aluyi kusetyenziswa kwimibhobho enetyhefu kakhulu kunye neendaba ezitshayo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ziya kuphetshwa ukuba zisetyenziswe kwiimeko zokulayisha umjikelo. Okwangoku, isetyenziswe kwiimeko apho uxinzelelo lungekho phezulu kwiprojekthi. Ifom yentambo kumbhobho ingumsonto we-tapered tapered. Kukho iinkcukacha ezimbini zomsonto we-tapered pipe. I-cone apex angles yi-55 ° kunye ne-60 ° ngokulandelelanayo. Ezi zimbini azinakutshintshwa. Kwimibhobho eneendaba ezinokutsha okanye ezinobungozi kakhulu, ukuba ukufakela kufuna uxhulumaniso olunentambo, ubungakanani begama akufanele budlule i-DN20 ngeli xesha, kwaye ukutywinwa kwetywina kufuneka kwenziwe emva koxhumo lwentambo.
3. Izinto eziphathekayo
Izinto zevalve ziquka izindlu zevalvu, zangaphakathi, iigaskets, ukupakisha kunye nezixhobo zokubopha. Ngenxa yokuba zininzi izixhobo zevalve, kwaye ngenxa yokuncipha kwendawo, eli nqaku lazisa ngokufutshane nje izixhobo zezindlu zevalve. Izixhobo zegobolondo zentsimbi zibandakanya intsimbi etyhidiweyo, intsimbi yekhabhoni, insimbi engenasici, intsimbi yealloyi.
3.1 intsimbi
Intsimbi engwevu (i-A1262B) isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiivalvu zoxinzelelo oluphantsi kwaye ayikhuthazwa ukuba isetyenziswe kwimibhobho yenkqubo. Ukusebenza (amandla kunye nokuqina) kwentsimbi ye-ductile (A395) ingcono kune-grey cast iron.
3.2 Intsimbi yekhabhoni
Izinto ezixhaphakileyo ze-carbon steel kwi-valve yokuvelisa i-A2162WCB (i-casting) kunye ne-A105 (i-forging). Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwi-carbon steel esebenza ngaphezu kwe-400 ℃ ixesha elide, eliya kuchaphazela ubomi bevalve. Kwiivalve zeqondo lokushisa eliphantsi, eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa yi-A3522LCB (i-casting) kunye ne-A3502LF2 (i-forging).
3.3 Intsimbi yeAustenitic engenasici
Izinto ze-Austenitic stainless steel zidla ngokusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezidliwayo okanye iimeko zobushushu obuphantsi kakhulu. I-castings esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo yi-A351-CF8, A351-CF8M, A351-CF3 kunye ne-A351-CF3M; ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo forgings A182-F304, A182-F316, A182-F304L kunye A182-F316L.
3.4 imathiriyeli yentsimbi ye-alloy
Kwii-valve eziphantsi kweqondo lokushisa, i-A352-LC3 (i-castings) kunye ne-A350-LF3 (i-forgings) isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.
Kwiivalve eziphezulu zeqondo lokushisa, ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziyi-A217-WC6 (i-casting), i-A182-F11 (i-forging) kunye ne-A217-WC9 (i-casting), i-A182-F22 (i-forging). Ekubeni i-WC9 kunye ne-F22 ye-2-1 / 4Cr-1Mo series, iqulethe i-Cr kunye ne-Mo ephezulu kune-WC6 kunye ne-F11 ye-series ye-1-1 / 4Cr-1 / 2Mo, ngoko banokumelana nokunyuka kobushushu obuphezulu.
4. Imowudi yokuqhuba
Ukusebenza kwevalvu ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha imo yezandla. Xa ivalve inoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegama okanye ubungakanani obukhulu begama, kunzima ukusebenzisa ivalve ngesandla, ukuhanjiswa kwegiya kunye nezinye iindlela zokusebenza zingasetyenziswa. Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokuqhuba i-valve kufuneka kumiselwe ngokohlobo, uxinzelelo lwegama kunye nobukhulu begama levalve. Itheyibhile 1 ibonisa iimeko apho i-gear drives kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kwiivalve ezahlukeneyo. Kubavelisi abahlukeneyo, le miqathango inokutshintsha kancinci, enokuthi igqitywe ngothethwano.
5. Imigaqo yokukhetha ivalve
5.1 Iiparamitha eziphambili eziza kuqwalaselwa kukhetho lwevalvu
(1) Ubume bolwelo olunikezelweyo luyakuchaphazela ukhetho lohlobo lwesivalo kunye nesixhobo sokwakheka kwevalvu.
(2) Iimfuno zokusebenza (umgaqo okanye ukunqunyulwa), okuchaphazela kakhulu ukhetho lohlobo lwevalve.
(3) Iimeko zokusebenza (nokuba rhoqo), eziya kuchaphazela ukukhethwa kohlobo lwevalve kunye nesixhobo sevalve.
(4) Iimpawu zokuhamba kunye nokulahlekelwa kwengxabano.
(5) Ubungakanani begama levalvu (iivalvu ezinobukhulu obuncinci begama zinokufunyanwa kuphela kuluhlu olulinganiselweyo lweentlobo zevalvu).
(6) Ezinye iimfuno ezikhethekileyo, ezifana nokuvala ngokuzenzekelayo, ibhalansi yoxinzelelo, njl.
5.2 Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo
(1) I-Forgings isetyenziselwa ngokubanzi i-diameters encinci (DN≤40), kwaye i-castings isetyenziselwa ngokubanzi i-diameters enkulu (DN>40). Kwicala lesiphelo somzimba wevalve yokubunjwa, umzimba wevalvu ehlanganisiweyo kufuneka ukhethwe. Ukuba i-flange i-welded kumzimba we-valve, ukuhlolwa kwe-radiographic 100% kufuneka kwenziwe kwi-weld.
(2) Umxholo wekhabhoni we-butt-welded kunye ne-socket-welded carbon steel valve imizimba akufanele ibe ngaphezu kwe-0.25%, kwaye ukulingana kwekhabhoni akufanele kube ngaphezu kwe-0.45%
Qaphela: Xa iqondo lobushushu ukusebenza austenitic steel stainless idlula 425 ° C, umxholo carbon kufuneka ingabi ngaphantsi kwe 0.04%, kunye nemeko yonyango ubushushu mkhulu kuno 1040 ° C ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza (CF8) kunye 1100 ° C ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza (CF8M ).
(4) Xa i-fluid i-corrosive kwaye i-austenitic stainless steel eqhelekileyo ayinakusetyenziswa, ezinye izinto ezikhethekileyo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe, ezifana ne-904L, i-duplex steel (njenge-S31803, njl.), i-Monel ne-Hastelloy.
5.3 Ukukhethwa kwevalve yesango
(1) Isango elinye eliqinileyo lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi xa DN≤50; elastiki isango elinye lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi xa DN>50.
(2) Kwi-valve yesango enye eguquguqukayo yenkqubo ye-cryogenic, umngxuma wokukhupha umoya kufuneka uvulwe kwisango kwicala loxinzelelo oluphezulu.
(3) Iivalvu zesango ezivuzayo ezisezantsi kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwiimeko zokusebenza ezifuna ukuvuza okuphantsi. Iivalvu zesango ezivuzayo ezisezantsi zineentlobo ngeentlobo zezakhiwo, phakathi kwazo iivalvu zesango ezivuzayo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizityalo zemichiza.
(4) Nangona i-valve yesango lolona hlobo lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zokuvelisa i-petrochemical. Nangona kunjalo, iivalvu zesango akufuneki zisetyenziswe kwezi meko zilandelayo:
① Ngenxa yokuba ukuphakama kokuvula kuphezulu kwaye indawo efunekayo yokusebenza inkulu, ayifanelekanga kwizihlandlo ezinendawo encinci yokusebenza.
② Ixesha lokuvula kunye nokuvala lide, ngoko akufanelekile ukuvulwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nezihlandlo zokuvala.
③ Ayilufanelanga ulwelo olunentlenga eqinileyo. Ngenxa yokuba umphezulu wokutywina uya konakala, isango aliyi kuvaleka.
④ Ayilulungelanga ulungelelwaniso lokuhamba. Ngenxa yokuba xa ivalve yesango ivulwa ngokuyinxenye, i-medium iya kuvelisa i-eddy current ngasemva kwesango, ekulula ukubangela ukhukuliseko kunye nokungcangcazela kwesango, kwaye indawo yokutywina yesihlalo sevalve yonakaliswa ngokulula.
⑤ Ukusebenza rhoqo kwevalve kuya kubangela ukuguga okugqithisileyo kumphezulu wesihlalo sevalve, ngoko ihlala ifanelekile kwimisebenzi engaqhelekanga.
5.4 Ukukhethwa kwevalve yeglowubhu
(1) Xa kuthelekiswa nevalve yesango yenkcazo efanayo, ivelufa yokuvala inobude besakhiwo esikhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa kwimibhobho ene-DN≤250, kuba ukusetyenzwa kunye nokuveliswa kwevalve yokuvala i-diameter enkulu kunenkathazo ngakumbi, kwaye ukusebenza kokutywina akulunganga njengaleyo yevalve yokuvala i-diameter encinci.
(2) Ngenxa yokumelana nolwelo olukhulu lwevalve yokuvala, ayifanelekanga kwizinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo kunye nemidiya ye-fluid ene-viscosity ephezulu.
(3) Ivalve yenaliti yivalve evalayo eneplagi ecolekileyo, engasetyenziselwa uhlengahlengiso oluncinci lokuhamba kakuhle okanye njengevalve yesampulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa iidamitha ezincinci. Ukuba i-caliber inkulu, umsebenzi wokulungelelanisa nawo uyafuneka, kwaye i-valve ye-throttle ingasetyenziswa. Ngeli xesha, ivalve clack inemilo efana neparabola.
(4) Kwiimeko zokusebenza ezifuna ukuvuza okuphantsi, isivalo esisezantsi sokuvuza kufuneka sisetyenziswe. Iivalvu zokuvala ezivuzayo ezisezantsi zinezakhiwo ezininzi, phakathi kwazo iivalvu zokuvala zohlobo lwebellows zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizityalo zekhemikhali.
Iivalvu zeglowubhu zohlobo lweBellows zisetyenziswa kakhulu kuneevalve zesango zohlobo lwe-bellows, kuba iivalvu zeglowubhu zohlobo lwe-bellows zinemivumbo emifutshane kunye nobomi bomjikelo omde. Nangona kunjalo, i-valve ye-bellows iyabiza, kwaye umgangatho we-bellows (njengezinto eziphathekayo, amaxesha omjikelezo, njl.) kunye ne-welding ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubomi benkonzo kunye nokusebenza kwevalve, ngoko ke kufuneka kuhlawulwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo xa ukhetha.
5.5 Ukukhethwa kwevalve yokukhangela
(1) Iivalvu zokukhangela ukuphakamisa okuthe tye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngezihlandlo ezine-DN≤50 kwaye zinokufakwa kuphela kwimibhobho ethe tye. Iivalve zokujonga ukuphakamisa okuthe nkqo zidla ngokusetyenziswa ngezihlandlo nge-DN≤100 kwaye zifakwe kwimibhobho emi nkqo.
(2) I-valve yokukhangela i-valve ingakhethwa ngefom yentwasahlobo, kwaye ukusebenza kokutywinwa ngeli xesha kungcono kunokuba ngaphandle kwentwasahlobo.
(3) Ubuncinci bedayamitha yevalve yokujonga ujingi ngokuqhelekileyo DN>50. Ingasetyenziswa kwimibhobho ethe tyaba okanye imibhobho ethe nkqo (ulwelo kufuneka lube ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu), kodwa kulula ukwenza isando samanzi. Ivalve yokujonga idiskhi ephindwe kabini (iDisc ephindwe kabini) idla ngokuba luhlobo lwe-wafer, eyona valve yokujonga indawo yokugcina indawo, elungele ukubekwa kwemibhobho, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kububanzi obukhulu. Ekubeni i-disc ye-valve yokukhangela i-swing eqhelekileyo (uhlobo olulodwa lwediski) ayikwazi ukuvulwa ngokupheleleyo kwi-90 °, kukho ukuchasana kokuhamba, ngoko xa inkqubo ifuna, iimfuno ezikhethekileyo (zifuna ukuvulwa ngokupheleleyo kwediski) okanye uhlobo lwe-Y Phakamisa. khangela ivalve.
(4) Kwimeko yehamile yamanzi enokwenzeka, ivalve yokukhangela enesixhobo sokuvala kancinane kunye nendlela yokumanzisa inokuqwalaselwa. Olu hlobo lwevalve lusebenzisa isiphakathi kumbhobho wokuthintela, kwaye ngalo mzuzu xa ivalve yokukhangela ivaliwe, inokuphelisa okanye inciphise ihamile yamanzi, ikhusele umbhobho kwaye ithintele impompo ukuba ibuyele ngasemva.
5.6 Ukukhethwa kwevalve yeplagi
(1) Ngenxa yeengxaki zokuvelisa, iivalve zeplagi ezingaxutywanga i-DN>250 akufanele zisetyenziswe.
(2) Xa kufuneka umngxuma wevalve ungaqokeleli ulwelo, kufuneka kukhethwe isivalo seplagi.
(3) Xa ukutywinwa kwevalve yebhola ethambileyo kungenakuhlangabezana neemfuno, ukuba kukho ukuvuza kwangaphakathi, isivalo seplagi sinokusetyenziswa endaweni yoko.
(4) Kwezinye iimeko zokusebenza, ubushushu butshintsha rhoqo, ivalve yeplagi eqhelekileyo ayinakusetyenziswa. Ngenxa yokuba utshintsho lwamaqondo obushushu lubangela ukwandiswa okwahlukileyo kunye nokucutheka kwamacandelo evalve kunye nezinto zokutywina, ukucutha kwexesha elide lokupakisha kuya kubangela ukuvuza ecaleni kwesiqu sevalve ngexesha lokuhamba ngebhayisikile eshushu. Ngeli xesha, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela iiplagi ezikhethekileyo zeeplagi, ezifana ne-Severe service series ye-XOMOX, engenakuveliswa eChina.
5.7 Ukukhethwa kwevalve yebhola
(1) Ivalve yebhola ebekwe phezulu inokulungiswa kwi-intanethi. Iivalvu zebhola eziziqhekeza ezintathu ziqhele ukusetyenziselwa umsonto kunye noqhagamshelo oludityanisiweyo.
(2) Xa umbhobho unenkqubo yokuphumela ngaphandle kwebhola, ziivalvu ezibhobhozayo kuphela ezinokusetyenziswa.
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(4) ayisayi kusetyenziswa kumathuba apho ukufumba kolwelo kumngxuma wesivalo kungavumelekanga.
5.8 Ukukhethwa kwevalve yebhabhathane
(1) Xa iziphelo zozibini zesivalo sebhabhathane kufuneka ziqhawuke, kufuneka kukhethwe isivalo esinentambo okanye ivalve yebhabhathane.
(2) Ubuncinci bedayamitha yevalve yebhabhathane ephakathi ngokuqhelekileyo yi-DN50; ubuncinci bedayamitha yevalve yebhabhathane eccentric ngokuqhelekileyo yi-DN80.
(3) Xa usebenzisa i-triple eccentric PTFE seat butterfly valve, isitulo esimilise u-U siyacetyiswa.
5.9 Ukukhethwa kweValve ye-Diaphragm
(1) Uhlobo oluthe tye lunokumelana okuphantsi kwamanzi, ukuvula ixesha elide kunye nokuvala i-diaphragm, kwaye ubomi benkonzo ye-diaphragm abulunganga njengolo hlobo lwe-weir.
(2) Uhlobo lwe-weir lunokumelana okukhulu kwamanzi, ukuvulwa okufutshane kunye nokuvala i-diaphragm, kwaye ubomi benkonzo ye-diaphragm bungcono kunohlobo oluchanekileyo.
5.10 ifuthe leminye imiba ekukhetheni ivalvu
(1) Xa ukuhla koxinzelelo oluvumelekileyo lwenkqubo kuncinci, uhlobo lwe-valve olunokumelana okuncinci kwamanzi kufuneka lukhethwe, njenge-valve yesango, i-valve yebhola echanekileyo, njl.
(2) Xa kufuneka kuvalwe ngokukhawuleza, iivalvu zeplagi, iivalve zebhola, nezivalo zebhabhathane zifanele zisetyenziswe. Kwiidamitha ezincinci, iivalve zebhola kufuneka zikhethwe.
(3) Uninzi lweevalvu ezisebenza kwindawo enamavili ezandla. Ukuba kukho umgama othile ukusuka kwindawo yokusebenza, i-sprocket okanye intonga yokwandisa ingasetyenziswa.
(4) Kulwelo lwe-viscous, i-slurries kunye nemidiya enamasuntswana aqinileyo, iivalvu zeplagi, iivalvu zebhola okanye izivalo zebhabhathane.
(5) Kwiinkqubo ezicocekileyo, iivalve zeplagi, iivalve zebhola, iivalve zediaphragm kunye neevalvu zebhabhathane zikhethwa ngokubanzi (iimfuno ezongezelelweyo ziyafuneka, njengeemfuno zokupholisha, iimfuno zokutywinwa, njl. njl.).
(6) Ngaphantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, iivalve ezinemilinganiselo yoxinzelelo oludlulayo (kubandakanywa) Udidi lwe-900 kunye ne-DN≥50 zisebenzisa iibhonethi zokutywinwa koxinzelelo (iBonnet ye-Pressure Seal); iivalvu ezinemilinganiselo yoxinzelelo olungaphantsi (kubandakanywa) Udidi lwama-600 lusebenzisa iivalvu ezibholitiyo I-Cover (Bolted Bonnet), kwezinye iimeko zokusebenza ezifuna uthintelo olungqongqo lokuvuza, ibhonethi edityanisiweyo inokuqwalaselwa. Kwezinye iiprojekthi zikawonke-wonke ezinoxinzelelo oluphantsi kunye nobushushu obuqhelekileyo, iibhonethi zomanyano (Union Bonnet) zingasetyenziswa, kodwa esi sakhiwo asiqhelekanga ukusetyenziswa.
(7) Ukuba ivelufa ifuna ukugcinwa ishushu okanye ibanda, imiqheba yevalve yebhola kunye nevalve yeplagi kufuneka zolulwe xa kudityaniswa nesiqu sevalvu ukunqanda umaleko wokugquma wevalve, ongekho ngaphezulu kwe-150mm.
(8) Xa i-caliber incinci, ukuba isihlalo sevalve sikhubazekile ngexesha lokuwelda kunye nokulungiswa kobushushu, isivalo esinomzimba wevalve ende okanye umbhobho omfutshane ekupheleni kufuneka usetyenziswe.
(9) Iivalve (ngaphandle kwee-valve zokutshekisha) kwiinkqubo ze-cryogenic (ngaphantsi kwe-46 ° C) kufuneka zisebenzise isakhiwo sentamo yebhonethi eyandisiweyo. Isiqu sevalve kufuneka sinyangwe ngonyango lomphezulu oluhambelanayo ukunyusa ubulukhuni bomphezulu ukuthintela isiqu sevalvu kunye nedlala lokupakisha kunye nokupakisha ekubeni likrwele kwaye lichaphazele itywina.
Ukongezelela ekuqwalaseleni le miba ingasentla xa ukhetha imodeli, iimfuno zenkqubo, ukhuseleko kunye nezoqoqosho kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokubanzi ukwenza ukhetho lokugqibela lwefom yevalve. Kwaye kuyimfuneko ukubhala iphepha ledatha yevalve, iphepha ledatha yevalve ngokubanzi kufuneka iqulathe umxholo olandelayo:
(1) Igama, uxinzelelo lwegama, kunye nobukhulu obuqhelekileyo bevalvu.
(2) Uyilo kunye nemigangatho yokuhlola.
(3) Ikhowudi yevalve.
(4) Isakhiwo sevalve, isakhiwo sebhonethi kunye noqhagamshelo lwevalve ekupheleni.
(5) Izinto zezindlu zevalve, isihlalo sevalve kunye nepleyiti yokutywina izinto ezingaphezulu, iziqu zevalve kunye nezinye izinto zangaphakathi zangaphakathi, ukupakisha, iigaskets zokuvala ivalve kunye nezixhobo zokuqinisa, njl.
(6) Imowudi yokuqhuba.
(7) Iimfuno zokupakishwa kunye nokuthutha.
(8) Iimfuno zokuchasana nokubola kwangaphakathi nangaphandle.
(9) Iimfuno zomgangatho kunye neemfuno zeendawo ezisecaleni.
(10) Iimfuno zoMnini kunye nezinye iimfuno ezizodwa (ezifana nokumakisha, njl. njl.).
6. Amagqabantshintshi okuqukumbela
I-valve ithatha indawo ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yeekhemikhali. Ukukhethwa kweevalvu zemibhobho kufuneka kusekelwe kwimiba emininzi efana nemeko yesigaba (ulwelo, umphunga), isiqulatho esiqinileyo, uxinzelelo, ubushushu, kunye neempawu zokubola kolwelo oluthuthwa kumbhobho. Ukongeza, ukusebenza kunokwethenjelwa kwaye akunazinkathazo, iindleko zifanelekile kwaye umjikelo wokuvelisa nawo uyingqwalasela ebalulekileyo.
Ngaphambili, xa ukhetha izinto ze-valve kuyilo lobunjineli, ngokuqhelekileyo kuphela izinto zegobolondo zaziqwalaselwa, kwaye ukukhethwa kwezinto ezifana namalungu angaphakathi kwakungahoywa. Ukukhethwa okungafanelekanga kwezinto zangaphakathi kuya kuhlala kukhokelela ekungaphumeleli kokutywinwa kwangaphakathi kwevalve, i-valve stem packing kunye ne-valve cover gasket, eya kuchaphazela ubomi benkonzo, engayi kufezekisa umphumo wokusetyenziswa okulindelekileyo kwaye ibangele ngokulula iingozi.
Ukuqwalasela imeko yangoku, i-valve ye-API ayinayo ikhowudi yokuchonga edibeneyo, kwaye nangona i-valve yemigangatho yelizwe inesethi yeendlela zokuchonga, ayikwazi ukubonisa ngokucacileyo iindawo zangaphakathi kunye nezinye izinto, kunye nezinye iimfuno ezikhethekileyo. Ngoko ke, kwiprojekthi yobunjineli, i-valve efunekayo kufuneka ichazwe ngokubanzi ngokuqulunqa i-data sheet sheet. Oku kubonelela ngokulula ekukhetheni ivalvu, ukuthengwa, ukufakela, ukugunyazisa kunye neendawo ezisecaleni, kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okuba neempazamo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-13-2021