Amavalvu ayingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yamapayipi, futhi amavalvu ensimbi yiwona asetshenziswa kakhulu ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali. Umsebenzi we-valve usetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuvula nokuvala, ukudonsa kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile kwamapayipi nemishini. Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa okulungile nokunengqondo kwama-valve ensimbi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuphepheni kwezitshalo kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula uketshezi.
1. Izinhlobo nokusetshenziswa kwamavalvu
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamavalvu kwezobunjiniyela. Ngenxa yomehluko ekucindezelweni kwamanzi, izinga lokushisa kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba kanye namakhemikhali, izidingo zokulawula zezinhlelo eziwuketshezi nazo zihlukile, okuhlanganisa ama-valve esango, ama-stop valves (ama-throttle valve, ama-valve enaliti), ama-valve okuhlola, namapulaki. Amavalvu, ama-ball valve, ama-butterfly valves nama-diaphragm valves yiwona asetshenziswa kakhulu ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali.
ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuvulwa nokuvala uketshezi, ngokumelana noketshezi oluncane, ukusebenza kahle kokuvala, isiqondiso sokugeleza esingavinjelwe se-medium, amandla amancane angaphandle adingekayo ekuvuleni nasekuvaleni, kanye nobude besakhiwo esifushane.
Isiqu se-valve sihlukaniswe sibe yisiqu esikhanyayo nesiqu esicashile. I-valve yesango le-stem eveziwe ifanele imidiya ebolayo, futhi i-valve yesango ye-stem eveziwe isetshenziswa ngokuyisisekelo kubunjiniyela bamakhemikhali. Ama-valve amasango e-stem afihliwe asetshenziswa kakhulu emigwaqweni yamanzi, futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu ezikhathini ezinengcindezi ephansi, ezingagqwali, njengama-valve ensimbi ekhonjiwe kanye nethusi. Isakhiwo sesango sihlanganisa isango le-wedge kanye nesango elihambisanayo.
Amasango e-Wedge ahlukaniswe abe yisango elilodwa kanye nesango eliphindwe kabili. Izinqama ezihambisanayo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuthutha uwoyela negesi futhi azivamile ukusetshenziswa ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali.
1.2Misa i-valve
isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukusika. I-valve yokumisa inokumelana noketshezi olukhulu, i-torque enkulu yokuvula nokuvala, futhi inezidingo zesiqondiso sokugeleza. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-valve esango, ama-valve embulunga anezinzuzo ezilandelayo:
(1) Amandla okushayisana kwendawo yokuvala mancane kunalawo evalvu yesango ngesikhathi sokuvula nokuvala, futhi awagugi.
(2) Ubude bokuvula buncane kunevalvu yesango.
(3) Ivalvu yembulunga ivamise ukuba nendawo eyodwa kuphela yokuvala, futhi inqubo yokukhiqiza yinhle, elungele ukulungiswa.
Ivalvu yeglobhu, njenge-valve yesango, nayo inenduku ekhanyayo nenduku emnyama, ngakho ngeke ngiziphinde lapha. Ngokusho kwesakhiwo somzimba we-valve ehlukene, i-valve yokumisa ine-straight-through, i-engeli kanye nohlobo luka-Y. Uhlobo oluqondile lusetshenziswa kakhulu, futhi uhlobo lwe-engeli lusetshenziswa lapho isiqondiso sokugeleza kwamanzi sishintsha ngo-90 °.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-throttle valve kanye ne-valve yenaliti nazo ziwuhlobo lwe-valve yokumisa, enomsebenzi wokulawula onamandla kune-valve yokumisa evamile.
I-valve yokuhlola ibizwa nangokuthi i-valve yendlela eyodwa, esetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukugeleza koketshezi okubuyela emuva. Ngakho-ke, lapho ufaka i-valve yokuhlola, qaphela isiqondiso sokugeleza kwe-medium kufanele ihambisane nesiqondiso somcibisholo ku-valve yokuhlola. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-valve okuhlola, futhi abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene banemikhiqizo ehlukene, kodwa ngokuyinhloko bahlukaniswe ngohlobo lwe-swing kanye nohlobo lokuphakamisa kusuka esakhiweni. Ama-valve okuhlola ama-Swing ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa uhlobo lwe-valve eyodwa kanye nohlobo lwe-valve ephindwe kabili.
I-valve ye-butterfly ingasetshenziselwa ukuvula nokuvala nokudonsa uketshezi oluphakathi nezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe. Inokumelana noketshezi oluncane, isisindo esilula, usayizi omncane wesakhiwo, nokuvula nokuvala ngokushesha. Ilungele amapayipi anobubanzi obukhulu. I-valve uvemvane inomsebenzi othile wokulungisa futhi ingathutha udaka. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bokucubungula emuva esikhathini esidlule, ama-butterfly valves asetshenziswe ezinhlelweni zamanzi, kodwa kuyaqabukela ezinhlelweni zenqubo. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinto, ukuklama nokucubungula, ama-valve emvemvane asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zenqubo.
Ama-valve ovemvane anezinhlobo ezimbili: uphawu oluthambile kanye nophawu oluqinile. Ukukhethwa kwe-soft seal kanye ne-hard seal ikakhulukazi kuncike ekushiseni kwe-fluid medium. Uma sikhuluma ngokuqhathaniswa, ukusebenza kokuvala uphawu oluthambile kungcono kunophawu oluqinile.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezimpawu ezithambile: izihlalo zamavalvu zenjoloba kanye ne-PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene). Ama-valve esihlalo senjoloba (imizimba yamavalvu anerabha) asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zamanzi futhi anesakhiwo esimaphakathi. Lolu hlobo lwe-butterfly valve lungafakwa ngaphandle kwama-gaskets ngoba i-flange ye-raber lining ingasebenza njenge-gasket. Ama-valve esihlalo sovemvane e-PTFE asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zenqubo, ngokuvamile i-eccentric eyodwa noma isakhiwo esinama-eccentric kabili.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezimpawu eziqinile, njengezindandatho eziqinile eziqinile, izimpawu ze-multilayer (Laminated seals), njll. Ngenxa yokuthi umklamo womkhiqizi uvame ukuhluka, izinga lokuvuza nalo lihlukile. Isakhiwo se-hard seal butterfly valve mhlawumbe i-eccentric ephindwe kathathu, exazulula izinkinga zesinxephezelo sokunwetshwa kokushisa kanye nesinxephezelo sokugqoka. I-eccentric ephindwe kabili noma i-triple eccentric structure hard seal butterfly valve nayo inomsebenzi wokuvala wezindlela ezimbili, futhi ukuhlehla kwayo (uhlangothi lwengcindezi ephansi kuya ohlangothini lokucindezela okukhulu) ukucindezela kokuvala akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-80% wesiqondiso esihle (uhlangothi lwengcindezi ephezulu low pressure side). Umklamo nokukhetha kufanele kuxoxiswene nomkhiqizi.
1.5 Ivalve yeqhude
I-valve yepulaki inokumelana noketshezi oluncane, ukusebenza kahle kokuvala, impilo ende yesevisi, futhi ingavalwa kuzo zombili izinkomba, ngakho-ke ivame ukusetshenziswa ezintweni eziyingozi kakhulu noma eziyingozi kakhulu, kodwa i-torque yokuvula nokuvala inkulu kakhulu, futhi intengo phezulu uma kuqhathaniswa. Imbobo ye-valve yepulaki ayiqoqi uketshezi, ikakhulukazi okokusebenza okukudivayisi ngezikhawu ngeke kubangele ukungcola, ngakho-ke i-valve yepulaki kufanele isetshenziswe kwezinye izikhathi.
Ukugeleza kwe-valve yepulaki kungahlukaniswa ngendlela eqondile, emithathu kanye ne-four-way, efanelekile ukusatshalaliswa kwe-multi-directional kwegesi noketshezi oluwuketshezi.
Ama-valve eqhude angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezimbili: angagcotshiwe futhi agcotshiwe. I-valve yepulaki evalwe ngamafutha enokugcoba okuphoqelelwe yakha ifilimu yamafutha phakathi kwepulaki nendawo yokuvala yepulaki ngenxa yokugcoba okuphoqelekile. Ngale ndlela, ukusebenza kokuvala kuba ngcono, ukuvulwa nokuvala kusindisa abasebenzi, futhi indawo yokuvala ivinjelwa ukuthi ingalimazi, kodwa kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi ukugcotshwa kuyayingcolisa yini impahla, futhi kukhethwa uhlobo olungagcotshiwe. ukugcinwa njalo.
I-sleeve seal ye-valve yepulaki iyaqhubeka futhi izungeza yonke ipulaki, ngakho uketshezi ngeke luthinte shaft. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-valve yepulaki inongqimba lwe-diaphragm eyinhlanganisela yensimbi njengophawu lwesibili, ngakho-ke i-valve yepulaki ingalawula ngokuqinile ukuvuza kwangaphandle. Ama-valve okuxhuma ngokuvamile awanakho ukupakisha. Uma kunezidingo ezikhethekile (njengokuvuza kwangaphandle akuvunyelwe, njll.), ukupakisha kuyadingeka njengophawu lwesithathu.
Isakhiwo se-valve yepulaki sivumela i-valve yepulaki ukuthi ilungise isihlalo se-valve yokuvala ku-inthanethi. Ngenxa yokusebenza isikhathi eside, indawo yokuvala izogqokwa. Ngenxa yokuthi ipulaki igxilile, ipulaki ingacindezelwa phansi ngebhawodi yesivalo sevalvu ukuze ilingane ngokuqinile nesihlalo sevalvu ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wokuvala.
I-valve yebhola engu-1.6
Umsebenzi we-valve yebhola ufana ne-valve yepulaki (i-valve yebhola iphuma ku-valve yepulaki). I-valve yebhola inomphumela omuhle wokuvala, ngakho isetshenziswa kabanzi. I-valve yebhola ivula futhi ivale ngokushesha, i-torque yokuvula nokuvala incane kune-valve yepulaki, ukumelana kuncane kakhulu, futhi ukugcinwa kulula. Ilungele amapayipi anodaka, uketshezi lwe-viscous kanye naphakathi anezidingo zokuvala uphawu. Futhi ngenxa yentengo yayo ephansi, ama-valve ebhola asetshenziswa kakhulu kunamapulaki. Ama-valve ebhola ngokuvamile angahlukaniswa ngokwesakhiwo sebhola, ukwakheka komzimba wamavalvu, umzila wokugeleza kanye nempahla yokuhlala.
Ngokwesakhiwo esiyindilinga, kukhona ama-valve ebhola antantayo nama-valve ebhola angashintshi. Owokuqala usetshenziswa kakhulu kumadiamitha amancane, owakamuva usetshenziselwa amadayamitha amakhulu, ngokuvamile i-DN200 (CLASS 150), DN150 (CLASS 300 kanye ne-CLASS 600) njengomngcele.
Ngokusho kwesakhiwo somzimba we-valve, kunezinhlobo ezintathu: uhlobo lwesiqephu esisodwa, uhlobo lwezingxenye ezimbili kanye nohlobo lwezingxenye ezintathu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zohlobo olulodwa: uhlobo olubekwe phezulu kanye nohlobo olubekwe eceleni.
Ngokwefomu lomgijimi, kukhona ububanzi obugcwele kanye nobubanzi obuncishisiwe. Amavalvu ebhola anobubanzi obuncishisiwe asebenzisa izinto ezincane kunamavalvu ebhola anobubanzi obugcwele futhi ashibhile. Uma izimo zenqubo zivuma, zingacatshangelwa ngokukhethayo. Iziteshi zokugeleza kwe-valve yebhola zingahlukaniswa zibe izindlela eziqondile, ezintathu kanye nezine, ezifanele ukusatshalaliswa kwe-multi-directional kwegesi noketshezi oluwuketshezi. Ngokusho kwempahla yokuhlala, kukhona uphawu oluthambile kanye ne-hard seal. Uma isetshenziswa emithonjeni evuthayo noma indawo yangaphandle ingase ishe, ivalve yebhola ethambile kufanele ibe nedizayini emelene ne-static futhi ingashi, futhi imikhiqizo yomkhiqizi kufanele yenze izivivinyo ezimelene ne-static kanye nezokuvikela umlilo, njengase- ngokuhambisana ne-API607. Okufanayo kusebenza kuma-butterfly avaliwe athambile kanye nama-plug valves (ama-plug valve angahlangabezana nezidingo zangaphandle zokuvikela umlilo ekuhlolweni komlilo).
I-valve ye-diaphragm engu-1.7
I-valve ye-diaphragm ingavalwa kuzo zombili izinkomba, ifanele umfutho ophansi, i-slurry ebolayo noma i-viscous fluid medium emisiwe. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi umshini wokusebenza uhlukanisiwe nomgudu ophakathi nendawo, uketshezi lunqanyulwa yi-diaphragm enwebekayo, elungele ikakhulukazi okuphakathi ezimbonini zokudla nezokwelapha nempilo. Ukushisa okusebenzayo kwe-valve ye-diaphragm kuncike ekuphikisweni kwezinga lokushisa kwezinto ze-diaphragm. Kusukela esakhiweni, ingahlukaniswa ngohlobo oluqondile kanye nohlobo lwe-weir.
2. Ukukhethwa kwefomu lokuxhuma ekugcineni
Izindlela zokuxhuma ezivame ukusetshenziswa zokuphela kwe-valve zihlanganisa uxhumano lwe-flange, uxhumano lwentambo, uxhumano lwe-butt welding kanye nokuxhumeka kwe-socket welding.
2.1 uxhumano lwe-flange
Ukuxhumeka kwe-Flange kulungele ukufakwa kwe-valve nokuhlakazwa. I-valve end flange sealing surface amafomu ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa indawo egcwele (FF), indawo ephakanyisiwe (RF), i-concave surface (FM), indawo yolimi ne-groove (TG) kanye nendawo yokuxhuma indandatho (RJ). Amazinga we-flange amukelwa ama-valve e-API awuchungechunge olufana ne-ASMEB16.5. Kwesinye isikhathi ungabona amamaki e-Class 125 kanye ne-Class 250 kumavalvu avulekile. Leli izinga lokucindezela kwama-cast iron flanges. Kuyafana nosayizi wokuxhuma we-Class 150 kanye ne-Class 300, ngaphandle kokuthi izindawo zokuvala ezimbili zokuqala ziyindiza egcwele (FF).
Ama-Wafer nama-Lug valves nawo aphethwe.
2.2 Ukuxhumana kwezinqe zokushisela
Ngenxa yamandla aphezulu wejoyinti elishiselwe izinqe kanye nokuvaleka kahle, amavalvu axhunywe i-butt-welded ohlelweni lwamakhemikhali asetshenziswa kakhulu kwezinye izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukucindezela okuphezulu, imidiya enobuthi obuphezulu, izikhathi ezivuthayo neziqhumane.
2.3 I-Socket welding kanye nokuxhumeka kwentambo
ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamapayipi usayizi wazo ongeqi i-DN40, kodwa awukwazi ukusetshenziselwa imidiya ewuketshezi enokugqwala komfantu.
Uxhumano olunentambo akufanele lusetshenziswe kumapayipi anemidiya eyingozi kakhulu futhi evuthayo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, luzogwenywa ukuthi lusetshenziswe ezimeni zokulayisha ezijikelezayo. Njengamanje, isetshenziswa ezikhathini lapho ingcindezi ingekho phezulu kuphrojekthi. Ifomu lentambo epayipini liwuchungechunge lwepayipi olucijile kakhulu. Kunezicaciso ezimbili zentambo yepayipi ye-tapered. Ama-engeli e-cone apex angu-55° no-60° ngokulandelanayo. Okubili akukwazi ukushintshaniswa. Emapayipini anemidiya evuthayo noma eyingozi kakhulu, uma ukufakwa kudinga uxhumano lwentambo, ubukhulu begama akufanele budlule i-DN20 ngalesi sikhathi, futhi ukushisela uphawu kufanele kwenziwe ngemva kokuxhuma okufakwe intambo.
3. Indaba
Izinto zokwakha ze-valve zihlanganisa izindlu ze-valve, zangaphakathi, ama-gaskets, ukupakisha kanye nezinto zokubopha. Ngenxa yokuthi kunezinto eziningi ze-valve, futhi ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwesikhala, lesi sihloko sethula kafushane izinto zokwakha izindlu ze-valve. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zegobolondo lensimbi zifaka i-cast iron, carbon steel, insimbi engagqwali, i-alloy steel.
3.1 insimbi eyinsimbi
Insimbi empunga (A1262B) ivamise ukusetshenziswa kumavalvu anomfutho ophansi futhi ayinconywa ukuthi isetshenziswe kumapayipi okucubungula. Ukusebenza (amandla nokuqina) kwe-ductile iron (A395) kungcono kune-grey cast iron.
3.2 Insimbi yekhabhoni
Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-carbon steel ekukhiqizeni ama-valve yi-A2162WCB (casting) ne-A105 (forging). Ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ku-carbon steel esebenza ngaphezu kuka-400 ℃ isikhathi eside, okuzothinta impilo ye-valve. Kumavalvu okushisa aphansi, asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-A3522LCB (casting) kanye ne-A3502LF2 (forging).
3.3 Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic
Izinto zensimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic zivame ukusetshenziswa ezimeni ezigqwalile noma ezimweni zokushisa eziphansi kakhulu. I-castings evame ukusetshenziswa yi-A351-CF8, A351-CF8M, A351-CF3 kanye ne-A351-CF3M; ama-forging asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-A182-F304, A182-F316, A182-F304L kanye ne-A182-F316L.
3.4 ingxubevange steel impahla
Kuma-valve asezingeni eliphansi, i-A352-LC3 (castings) kanye ne-A350-LF3 (forgings) zivame ukusetshenziswa.
Kumavalvu okushisa aphezulu, asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-A217-WC6 (casting), A182-F11 (forging) kanye ne-A217-WC9 (casting), A182-F22 (forging). Njengoba i-WC9 ne-F22 ziyingxenye yochungechunge lwe-2-1/4Cr-1Mo, aqukethe i-Cr ne-Mo ephakeme kune-WC6 ne-F11 eyingxenye yochungechunge lwe-1-1/4Cr-1/2Mo, ngakho anokumelana okungcono nokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa.
4. Imodi yeDrayivu
Ukusebenza kwe-valve kuvame ukusebenzisa imodi yezandla. Uma i-valve inomfutho ophakeme wegama noma usayizi omkhulu wegama, kunzima ukusebenzisa i-valve ngesandla, ukuhanjiswa kwegiya nezinye izindlela zokusebenza zingasetshenziswa. Ukukhethwa kwemodi ye-valve drive kufanele kunqunywe ngokusho kohlobo, ingcindezi yamagama kanye nosayizi ojwayelekile we-valve. Ithebula 1 libonisa izimo lapho kufanele kucatshangelwe ama-giya ama-valve ahlukene. Kubakhiqizi abahlukene, lezi zimo zingashintsha kancane, ezinganqunywa ngokuxoxisana.
5. Izimiso zokukhetha ama-valve
5.1 Amapharamitha amakhulu azocatshangelwa ekukhetheni amavalvu
(1) Uhlobo loketshezi olulethiwe luzothinta ukukhethwa kohlobo lwevalvu kanye nempahla yesakhiwo sevalvu.
(2) Izidingo zomsebenzi (umthethonqubo noma ukunqanyulwa), okuthinta kakhulu ukukhethwa kohlobo lwevalvu.
(3) Izimo zokusebenza (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zivamile), ezizothinta ukukhethwa kohlobo lwe-valve kanye nempahla ye-valve.
(4) Izici zokugeleza nokulahlekelwa ukungqubuzana.
(5) Usayizi ojwayelekile wevalvu (amavalvu anosayizi omkhulu wegama angatholakala kuphela kuhlu olulinganiselwe lwezinhlobo zamavalvu).
(6) Ezinye izidingo ezikhethekile, njengokuvala okuzenzakalelayo, ibhalansi yokucindezela, njll.
5.2 Ukukhetha impahla
(1) Ama-Forging ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa amadayamitha amancane (DN≤40), futhi ukulingisa ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa amadayamitha amakhulu (DN>40). Ukuze uthole i-flange yokugcina yomzimba we-valve yokukha, umzimba we-valve ohlanganisiwe kufanele ukhethwe. Uma i-flange ishiselwe emzimbeni we-valve, ukuhlolwa kwe-radiographic 100% kufanele kwenziwe ku-weld.
(2) Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni yemizimba yamavalvu ensimbi enezinqe kanye nesokhethi akumele ibe ngaphezu kuka-0.25%, futhi okulingana nekhabhoni akufanele kube ngaphezu kuka-0.45%
Qaphela: Lapho izinga lokushisa lokusebenza le-austenitic insimbi engagqwali lidlula 425°C, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-0.04%, futhi isimo sokwelashwa kokushisa sikhulu kuno-1040°C ukupholisa okusheshayo (CF8) no-1100°C ukupholisa okusheshayo (CF8M ).
(4) Uma uketshezi lugqwala futhi insimbi evamile ye-austenitic engagqwali ingakwazi ukusetshenziswa, ezinye izinto ezikhethekile kufanele zicatshangelwe, njenge-904L, insimbi eyi-duplex (njenge-S31803, njll.), i-Monel ne-Hastelloy.
5.3 Ukukhethwa kwevalvu yesango
(1) Isango elilodwa eliqinile livame ukusetshenziswa lapho i-DN≤50; isango elilodwa elinwebekayo livame ukusetshenziswa uma DN>50.
(2) Ku-valve yesango elilodwa eliguquguqukayo lesistimu ye-cryogenic, imbobo yokukhipha umoya kufanele ivulwe esangweni ohlangothini lokucindezela okuphezulu.
(3) Amavalvu esango avuza kancane kufanele asetshenziswe ezimeni zokusebenza ezidinga ukuvuza okuphansi. Ama-valve esango avuzayo aphansi anezinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo, phakathi kwawo ama-valve esango ohlobo lwe-bellows avame ukusetshenziswa ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali.
(4) Nakuba i-valve yesango iwuhlobo olusetshenziswa kakhulu emishinini yokukhiqiza ye-petrochemical. Kodwa-ke, ama-valve esango akufanele asetshenziswe ezimweni ezilandelayo:
① Ngenxa yokuthi ubude bokuvula buphakeme futhi isikhala esidingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe sikhulu, asifanele izikhathi ezinendawo encane yokusebenza.
② Isikhathi sokuvula nesokuvala side, ngakho-ke asifanele izikhathi zokuvula nokuvala ngokushesha.
③ Ayilungele uketshezi olunezinza eziqinile. Ngoba indawo yokubeka uphawu izoguga, isango ngeke livaleke.
④ Ayilungele ukulungiswa kokugeleza. Ngoba lapho i-valve yesango ivulwa kancane, i-medium izokhiqiza i-eddy current ngemuva kwesango, okulula ukubangela ukuguguleka nokudlidliza kwesango, futhi indawo yokuvala yesihlalo se-valve nayo yonakaliswa kalula.
⑤ Ukusebenza njalo kwe-valve kuzodala ukuguga ngokweqile phezu kwesihlalo se-valve, ngakho-ke kuvame ukufaneleka kuphela ekusebenzeni okungajwayelekile.
5.4 Ukukhethwa kwevalvu yeglobhu
(1) Uma kuqhathaniswa nevalve yesango yokucaciswa okufanayo, ivalve yokuvala inobude obukhudlwana besakhiwo. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kumapayipi ane-DN≤250, ngenxa yokuthi ukucubungula nokukhiqizwa kwe-valve yokuvala enobubanzi obukhulu kuyinkinga kakhulu, futhi ukusebenza kokuvala akukuhle njengalokho kwe-valve yokuvala enobubanzi obuncane .
(2) Ngenxa yokumelana noketshezi okukhulu kwe-valve yokuvala, ayifanele izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe kanye nemidiya ewuketshezi ene-viscosity ephezulu.
(3) Ivalvu yenaliti iyivalvu yokuvala enepulaki ecijile kahle, engasetshenziselwa ukulungisa ukugeleza okuncane noma njenge-valve yesampula. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ama-diameters amancane. Uma i-caliber inkulu, umsebenzi wokulungisa nawo uyadingeka, futhi i-valve ye-throttle ingasetshenziswa. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-valve clack inesimo esifana ne-parabola.
(4) Ezimweni zokusebenza ezidinga ukuvuza okuphansi, ivalvu yokumisa ukuvuza ephansi kufanele isetshenziswe. Amavalvu okuvala avuzayo aphansi anezakhiwo eziningi, phakathi kwawo amavalvu okuvala ohlobo lwe-bellows avame ukusetshenziswa ezitshalweni zamakhemikhali.
Amavalvu embulunga yohlobo lwe-Bellows asetshenziswa kabanzi kunamavalvu esango ohlobo lwe-bellows, ngoba ama-valve eglobhu ohlobo lwe-bellows anezifutho ezimfishane nempilo yomjikelezo omude. Kodwa-ke, ama-valve e-bellows ayabiza, futhi ikhwalithi ye-bellows (njengezinto zokwakha, izikhathi zomjikelezo, njll.) kanye nokushisela kuthinta ngokuqondile impilo yesevisi nokusebenza kwe-valve, ngakho-ke kufanele kukhokhwe ukunakwa okukhethekile lapho kukhethwa.
5.5 Ukukhethwa kwevalvu yesheke
(1) Amavalvu okuhlola ukuphakamisa okuvundlile ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ezikhathini ezine-DN≤50 futhi angafakwa kuphela kumapayipi avundlile. Amavalvu okuhlola ukuphakamisa aqondile avame ukusetshenziswa ezikhathini ezine-DN≤100 futhi afakwe kumapayipi aqondile.
(2) I-valve yokuhlola i-lift ingakhethwa ngefomu lentwasahlobo, futhi ukusebenza kokuvala ngalesi sikhathi kungcono kunalokho ngaphandle kwesiphethu.
(3) Ubuncane be-diameter yevalvu yokuhlola i-swing ngokuvamile i-DN>50. Ingasetshenziswa kumapayipi avundlile noma amapayipi aqondile (uketshezi kufanele lusuke phansi luye phezulu), kodwa kulula ukubangela isando samanzi. I-valve yokuhlola i-double disc (i-Double Disc) ivamise ukuba wuhlobo lwe-wafer, okuyivalvu yokuhlola yokonga isikhala kakhulu, elungele ukuhlelwa kwamapayipi, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi kumadiamitha amakhulu. Njengoba i-disc ye-valve yokuhlola i-swing evamile (uhlobo olulodwa lwe-disc) ayikwazi ukuvulwa ngokugcwele ku-90 °, kukhona ukumelana okuthile kokugeleza, ngakho-ke lapho inqubo idinga, izidingo ezikhethekile (zidinga ukuvulwa okugcwele kwe-disc) noma uhlobo lwe-Y Lift. hlola i-valve.
(4) Endabeni yesando samanzi esingaba khona, ivalvu yokuhlola enomshini wokuvala kancane kanye nendlela yokumanzisa ingacatshangelwa. Lolu hlobo lwevalvu lusebenzisa okuphakathi epayipini lokubhafa, futhi ngesikhathi lapho ivalvu yokuhlola ivaliwe, ingasusa noma yehlise isando samanzi, ivikele ipayipi futhi ivimbele iphampu ukuthi igeleze ihlehle.
5.6 Ukukhethwa kwe-valve yepulaki
(1) Ngenxa yezinkinga zokukhiqiza, ama-valve amapulaki angagcotshisiwe DN>250 akufanele asetshenziswe.
(2) Uma kudingekile ukuthi i-valve cavity ingaqoqi uketshezi, i-valve yepulaki kufanele ikhethwe.
(3) Uma ukuvalwa kwe-valve yebhola elithambile kungakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo, uma kuvuza kwangaphakathi, i-valve yepulaki ingasetshenziswa esikhundleni salokho.
(4) Kwezinye izimo zokusebenza, izinga lokushisa liyashintsha njalo, i-valve yepulaki evamile ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuguquka kwezinga lokushisa kubangela ukwanda nokufinyela okuhlukile kwezingxenye zama-valve nezinto zokuvala, ukushwabana kwesikhathi eside kokupakisha kuzodala ukuvuza eduze kwesiqu se-valve ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngebhayisikili okushisayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyadingeka ukucabangela ama-valve epulaki akhethekile, njenge-Severe service series XOMOX, engakwazi ukukhiqizwa e-China.
5.7 Ukukhethwa kwevalvu yebhola
(1) I-valve yebhola ebekwe phezulu ingalungiswa ku-inthanethi. Ama-valve ebhola aneziqephu ezintathu ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukuxhuma okunentambo kanye ne-socket-welded.
(2) Uma ipayipi linohlelo lokudlula ibhola, kungasetshenziswa amavalvu agcwele amabhola kuphela.
(3) Umphumela wokuvala uphawu oluthambile ungcono kune-hard seal, kodwa awukwazi ukusetshenziswa ekushiseni okuphezulu (ukumelana nezinga lokushisa kwezinto ezihlukahlukene zokuvala okungezona ezensimbi akufani).
(4) ngeke isetshenziswe ezikhathini lapho ukunqwabelana koketshezi emgodini wevalvu kungavunyelwe.
5.8 Ukukhethwa kwevalve uvemvane
(1) Lapho zombili iziphetho zevalve uvemvane zidinga ukuhlakazwa, kufanele kukhethwe ilugi enentambo noma ivalve uvemvane.
(2) Ubuncane be-diameter yevalve uvemvane ephakathi nendawo ngokuvamile bungu-DN50; ubuncane be-diameter ye-eccentric butterfly valve ngokuvamile i-DN80.
(3) Uma usebenzisa i-valve yesihlalo sovemvane eccentric kathathu se-PTFE, isihlalo esimise okwe-U siyanconywa.
5.9 Ukukhethwa kweValve ye-Diaphragm
(1) Uhlobo oluqondile lunokumelana noketshezi oluphansi, ukuvuleka nokuvala isikhathi eside kwe-diaphragm, futhi impilo yesevisi ye-diaphragm ayilungile njengaleyo yohlobo oluyinqaba.
(2) Uhlobo lwe-weir lukwazi ukumelana noketshezi olukhulu, ukuvuleka okufushane nokuvala i-diaphragm, futhi impilo yesevisi ye-diaphragm ingcono kuneyohlobo oluqondile.
5.10 umthelela wezinye izici ekukhetheni amavalvu
(1) Uma ukwehla kokucindezela okuvumelekile kwesistimu kukuncane, uhlobo lwe-valve olunokumelana noketshezi oluncane kufanele lukhethwe, njenge-valve yesango, i-valve yebhola eqondile, njll.
(2) Lapho kudingeka ukuvala ngokushesha, ama-plug valve, ama-ball valve, nama-butterfly valves kufanele asetshenziswe. Ngama-diameters amancane, ama-valve ebhola kufanele akhethwe.
(3) Amavalvu amaningi asebenza endaweni anamasondo ezandla. Uma kunebanga elithile ukusuka endaweni yokusebenza, i-sprocket noma induku yokwandisa ingasetshenziswa.
(4) Uma kutholakala uketshezi lwe-viscous, ama-slurries nemidiya enezinhlayiya eziqinile, ama-plug valves, ama-ball valves noma ama-butterfly valves kufanele asetshenziswe.
(5) Ezinhlelweni ezihlanzekile, ama-valve amapulaki, ama-ball valves, ama-diaphragm valve nama-butterfly valves ngokuvamile akhethwa (izidingo ezengeziwe ziyadingeka, njengezidingo zokupholisha, izidingo zophawu, njll.).
(6) Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ama-valve anezilinganiso zokucindezela okwedlula (okuhlanganisa) I-Class 900 kanye ne-DN≥50 asebenzisa amabhonethi e-pressure seal (Ibhonethi Yokucindezelwa Kwe-Pressure Seal); amavalvu anezilinganiso zokucindezela eziphansi kune (okuhlanganisa) Ikilasi 600 sebenzisa amavalvu abhontshiwe Ikhava (Ibhonethi eBolted), kwezinye izimo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuvinjelwa okuqinile kokuvuza, ibhonethi eshiselwe ingacatshangelwa. Kwamanye amaphrojekthi omphakathi anengcindezi ephansi kanye nezinga lokushisa elijwayelekile, amabhonethi enyunyana (Union Bonnet) angasetshenziswa, kodwa lesi sakhiwo ngokuvamile asivamile ukusetshenziswa.
(7) Uma i-valve idinga ukugcinwa ifudumele noma ibanda, izibambo ze-valve yebhola kanye ne-valve yepulaki kudingeka zelulwe lapho kuxhunywa isiqu se-valve ukuze kugwenywe ungqimba lwe-valve lokuvikela, ngokuvamile lungabi ngaphezu kuka-150mm.
(8) Uma i-caliber incane, uma isihlalo sevalvu sikhubazekile ngesikhathi sokushisela nokushisa, kufanele kusetshenziswe ivalvu enomzimba omude wevalvu noma ipayipi elifushane ekugcineni.
(9) Amavalvu (ngaphandle kwama-valve okuhlola) wezinhlelo ze-cryogenic (ngezansi -46°C) kufanele asebenzise isakhiwo sentamo yebhonethi enwetshiwe. Isiqu se-valve kufanele selashwe ngokuphathwa okuhambisanayo kwendawo ukuze kwandiswe ubulukhuni bendawo ukuvimbela isiqu se-valve kanye nendlala yokupakisha nokupakisha ukuthi ingaklwebheki futhi ithinte uphawu.
Ngaphezu kokucabangela lezi zici ezingenhla lapho kukhethwa imodeli, izidingo zenqubo, izici zokuphepha kanye nezomnotho kufanele futhi kucatshangelwe ngokugcwele ukwenza ukukhetha kokugcina kwefomu le-valve. Futhi kuyadingeka ukubhala ishidi ledatha ye-valve, ishidi ledatha ye-valve evamile kufanele libe nokuqukethwe okulandelayo:
(1) Igama, ukucindezela okuzisholo, kanye nosayizi ovamile wevalvu.
(2) Amazinga okuklama nokuhlola.
(3) Ikhodi yevalvu.
(4) Isakhiwo se-valve, isakhiwo sebhonethi kanye nokuxhumana kokuphela kwe-valve.
(5) Izinto zokwakha izindlu ze-valve, isihlalo se-valve kanye ne-valve plate yokuvala izinto ezingaphezulu, iziqu ze-valve nezinye izinto zangaphakathi zezingxenye, ukupakisha, ama-gasket ekhava ama-valve nezinto zokubopha, njll.
(6) Imodi yokushayela.
(7) Izidingo zokupakisha nezokuthutha.
(8) Izidingo zokunqanda ukugqwala kwangaphakathi nangaphandle.
(9) Izimfuneko zekhwalithi nezidingo zezingxenye ezisele.
(10) Izidingo zomnikazi nezinye izidingo ezikhethekile (njengokumaka, njll.).
6. Amazwi okuphetha
I-valve ithatha isikhundla esibalulekile ohlelweni lwamakhemikhali. Ukukhethwa kwamavalvu amapayipi kufanele kusekelwe ezicini eziningi ezifana nesimo sesigaba (uketshezi, umhwamuko), okuqukethwe okuqinile, ukucindezela, izinga lokushisa, kanye nezakhiwo zokugqwala koketshezi oluthuthwa epayipini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kunokwethenjelwa futhi akunazinkathazo, izindleko zinengqondo futhi umjikelezo wokukhiqiza nawo uwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile.
Esikhathini esidlule, lapho kukhethwa izinto ze-valve ekwakhiweni kobunjiniyela, ngokuvamile kwakucatshangelwa izinto zegobolondo kuphela, futhi ukukhethwa kwezinto ezifana nezingxenye zangaphakathi kwakunganakwa. Ukukhethwa okungalungile kwezinto zangaphakathi ngokuvamile kuzoholela ekuhlulekeni kokuvalwa kwangaphakathi kwe-valve, ukupakishwa kwe-valve stem kanye ne-gasket yekhava ye-valve, okuzothinta impilo yesevisi, engeke ifinyelele umphumela wokusetshenziswa okulindeleke ekuqaleni futhi ibangele kalula izingozi.
Uma sibheka isimo samanje, amavalvu e-API awanayo ikhodi yokuhlonza ehlanganisiwe, futhi nakuba i-valve ejwayelekile kazwelonke inesethi yezindlela zokuhlonza, ayikwazi ukubonisa ngokucacile izingxenye zangaphakathi nezinye izinto, kanye nezinye izidingo ezikhethekile. Ngakho-ke, kuphrojekthi yobunjiniyela, i-valve edingekayo kufanele ichazwe ngokuningiliziwe ngokuhlanganisa ishidi ledatha ye-valve. Lokhu kunikeza lula ukukhethwa kwamavalvu, ukuthengwa, ukufakwa, ukugunyazwa kanye nezingxenye eziyisipele, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi, futhi kunciphisa amathuba okuba namaphutha.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-13-2021